XIV THE RATE SYSTEM OF THE CENTRAL PACIFIC 237 XV LOCAL RATES IN CALIFORNIA 257 XVI THE TRANSCONTINENTAL TARIFF 275 XVII THE TRAFFIC ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA 293 XVIII THE SAN FRANCISCO AND SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY RAILWAY 317 XIX OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOUTHERN PACIFIC LINES 347 XX THE THURMAN ACT 370 XXI FINAL SETTLEMENT OF THE CENTRAL PACIFIC INDEBTEDNESS TO THE GOVERNMENT 395 XXII THE SOUTHERN PACIFIC MERGER CASES 425 XXIII OIL AND TIMBER LAND LITIGATION 441 XXIV FINAL REMARKS 454 ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE “The Golden Gate” (_Frontispiece_) Theodore Dehone Judah (opposite) 6 Sketch of train on the Sacramento Valley Railroad 1860 ” 10 Leland Stanford ” 16 Henry P. Coon ” 32 Chas. Crocker ” 66 Summit Valley, Emigrant Mountain and Railroad Pass ” 72 Summit tunnel before completion—Sierra Nevada Mountains ” 80 Map of Oakland and Brooklyn 93 Boundaries of Railroad Tide-Land Grant, as proposed in 1868 96 Map of California Pacific Railroad 106 Map showing northern end of the San Francisco and San José Railroad in 1862 121 Proposed route of the Southern Pacific Railroad, January 3, 1867 124 View south from over the San Fernando tunnel—Southern Pacific Railroad (opposite) 128 David D. Colton ” 160 Mark Hopkins ” 176 George Stoneman ” 192 C. P. Huntington ” 208 Chart showing rates on second-class freight and on grain in the Sacramento Valley, 1876 260 Chart showing rates on miscellaneous commodities in the San Joaquin Valley, 1892 261 Diagram showing adjustment of freight rates between San Francisco and Stockton, 1916 266