Bullant, _Reigle Géneralle de Architecture_, 192^1; his reproduction of the order of a Roman temple in the portico of the château of Écouen, 192. Buttresses, in support of domes, 10, 53; of St. Peter’s, Rome, 53 (cut), 55, 56, 59; of a circular Gothic vault, 57^1; concealing of, in St. Paul’s, London, 244, 245 (cut). Byzantine architecture, 6, 7; term loosely applied, 29^1; the dome on pendentives is the distinguishing structural feature of, 29^1; their domes were properly constructed, 63; scheme prevails in Renaissance architecture, 74. Caen, church of St. Pierre, exterior of apse with Lombard Renaissance details applied to a Flamboyant structural scheme, 214. Cambridge, England, Caius College, gate of honor, neo-classic features, 223. Carving, architectural, of the Renaissance, 167–178 (cuts): Sculpture of the human figure on Renaissance buildings has little proper architectural character, 167; Relief carving, 167–178 (cuts); pictorial treatment of, 158; a great deal is in close imitation of Roman models, 167 (cut), 171, 172; the best is superior to that of ancient Rome, 168, 170, 176; conventionalization of forms, 169 (plate and cut); formal convolutions of, 170, 171; the finish, in many cases, mere surface smoothing, 170, 171; two schemes which are used with wearisome repetition, 171; arrangement of composition and treatment of details often artificial and inorganic, 172 (cut), 173 (cuts); the finest forms those of foliation, 170, 174; leafage of capitals, 175–178 (cuts); artificial convention of the ridges which mark the subdivisions of the leaf surface, 176 (cuts); the grotesque is uniformly weak and characterless, 176–178 (cuts); _Putti_ are without particular merit as design, 178. Casati, _I Capi d’Arte di Bramante da Urbino nel Milanese_, 138^1, 142^1. Cecchini, _Opinione Intorno lo Stato della gran Cupola del Duomo di Firenze_, 24^1; cited on the stability of the dome of Florence cathedral, 23^3, 24^1. Celled vault, a Gothic circular, 20, 21; nature of its construction, 56–59 (cuts). Chains, binding, 12, 22, 74; of the dome of Florence cathedral, 19, 24^1; of St. Peter’s, Rome, 59, 60. Chambers, Sir William, _Treatise on the Decorative Part of Civil Architecture_, 134^1. Chimney-stacks in shape of Doric columns in Elizabethan houses, 217 (cut), 223. Church, the, in Middle Ages and Renaissance period, 1–3. Church architecture, of the Florentine Renaissance, 26–43 (cuts); of the Roman Renaissance, 66–101 (cuts); of the Renaissance in North Italy, 135–153. Clamps, metal, used in masonry, 22^2; of St. Peter’s dome, 60.