Character of Renaissance Architecture — John Shaqi
Character of Renaissance ArchitectureMoore, Charles Herbert
History
Character of Renaissance Architecture
Moore, Charles Herbert
Architecture, Renaissance
The façade of the Pazzi has been considered as showing noteworthy
originality of design. But there are older buildings in the
neighbourhood to which it bears enough likeness to suggest its
derivation from them. The façade of the Badia of Fiesole (Fig. 14) is
one of these. By substituting a free-standing colonnade for the blind
arcade of this front, and breaking its entablature and attic wall with
an arch, we should get the leading features of the Pazzi front. Sant’
Jacopo Soprarno, with its attic surmounting an open portico having an
arcade on Corinthian columns, is also strongly suggestive of the same
scheme. The features that are peculiar to the Pazzi, the arch breaking
the entablature, the barrel vault sprung from the order, and the dome
bisecting this vault, do little credit to the architect as a consistent
designer.
[Illustration: FIG. 15.--Impost of San Lorenzo.]
Two more important examples of church architecture in Florence,
which appear to be mainly by Brunelleschi, are San Lorenzo and Santo
Spirito. What part Brunelleschi had in the design of San Lorenzo
is not perfectly clear,[31] but the main scheme was probably his,
though the work was not completed until after his death. In the old
sacristy of this church, which appears to be the part that was first
built, the interior design of the Pazzi chapel is reproduced with
some modifications of proportions and details, including the celled
vault on a system of ribs, resting on pendentives. The church itself
exhibits a frank return to primitive basilican forms and methods of
construction, though with modifications and some additions. The nave
has a flat wooden ceiling, but the aisles are covered with domical
vaulting on salient transverse ribs, and over the crossing is a
hemispherical dome on pendentives. In the arcades, which are carried
on Corinthian columns like those of the portico of the Pazzi, the
entablature blocks of late Roman design are reproduced in the impost
(Fig. 15). The revival of this meaningless feature shows again how
little impression the logic of mediæval art had made on the Italian
mind, and what lack of discrimination in their borrowings from the
antique the designers of the Renaissance often show. Whatever features
the Roman models displayed were looked upon as authoritative, and
copied without question; and the frequency with which this superfluous
detail was reproduced in the subsequent architecture of the Renaissance
has given it wide acceptance in more recent times. Notwithstanding
the intention of the designer to revive the ancient style, mediæval
features are conspicuous in San Lorenzo, and something of the mediæval
logic of structural adjustment occurs in some details. Not only is
the dome over the crossing supported on pendentives, which, in their
developed form, are mediæval features and thus foreign to classic Roman
design, but the piers sustaining this dome are compound, and consist
of members of different proportions adjusted in the organic mediæval
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