My obligations to Professor Huxley, to Professor Fiske, to Mr. Herbert Spencer, to Professor Sachs, to Hermann Müller, to Dr. Krause, to Charles Darwin himself, and to many other historians and critics of evolutionism, will be sufficiently obvious to all instructed readers, and are for the most part fully acknowledged already in the text. It would be absurd to overload so small and popularly written a book with references and authorities. I hope, therefore, that any other writers to whom I may inadvertently have neglected to confess my debts will kindly rest satisfied with this general acknowledgment. There are, however, three persons in particular from whom I have so largely borrowed facts or ideas that I owe them more special and definite thanks. From Mr. Woodall's admirable paper on Charles Darwin, contributed to the 'Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological Society,' I have taken much interesting information about my hero's immediate ancestry and early days. From Mr. Samuel Butler, the author of 'Evolution Old and New,' I have derived many pregnant suggestions with regard to the true position and meaning of Buffon, Erasmus Darwin, and the early essentially teleological evolutionists--suggestions which I am all the more anxious to acknowledge since I differ fundamentally from Mr. Butler in his estimate of the worth of Charles Darwin's distinctive discovery of natural selection. Finally, to Mr. Bates, the 'Naturalist on the Amazons,' I am indebted for several valuable items of information as to the general workings of the pre-Darwinian evolutionary spirit. In a book dealing so largely with a contemporary movement, the history of which has never yet been consecutively written down in full, or subjected as a whole to searching criticism, there must probably be many errors of detail, which can hardly be avoided under such circumstances. I have endeavoured to minimise them as far as possible. For those which may have escaped my own scrutiny I must trust both for correction and for indulgence to the kindness of my readers. CONTENTS I. THE WORLD INTO WHICH DARWIN WAS BORN II. CHARLES DARWIN AND HIS ANTECEDENTS III. EARLY DAYS IV. DARWIN'S WANDER-YEARS V. THE PERIOD OF INCUBATION VI. THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES VII. THE DARWINIAN REVOLUTION BEGINS VIII. THE DESCENT OF MAN IX. THE THEORY OF COURTSHIP X. VICTORY AND REST XI. DARWIN'S PLACE IN THE EVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT XII. THE NET RESULT INDEX CHARLES DARWIN. CHAPTER I. THE WORLD INTO WHICH DARWIN WAS BORN.