Early in February Lyell reached Geneva on his homeward journey, after
crossing the Mont Cenis, and by the 19th was back in Paris among his
geological friends, "pumping them," as he says, and being well pumped in
return. Some of them, he finds, "have come by most opposite routes to
the same conclusions as myself, and we have felt mutually confirmed in
our views, although the new opinions must bring about an amazing
overthrow in the systems which we were carefully taught ten years ago."
The accurate knowledge of Deshayes, one of the most eminent
conchologists of that day, was especially helpful in bringing his field
work in Italy and Sicily into clear and definite order, and he obtained
from him a promise of tables of more than 2,000 species of Tertiary
shells, from which (he writes to his sister Caroline, who shared his
entomological tastes) "I will build up a system on data never before
obtained, by comparing the contents of the present with more ancient
seas, and the latter with each other."[24]
By the end of February he is back in London and at the Geological
Society, defending his views on the constancy of Nature's
operations--views which seemed rank heresy to the older school, who
sought to solve every difficulty by a convulsion, and were fettered in
their interpretation of the records of geology by supposed theological
necessities. In April Lyell writes thus to Dr. Mantel[25]:--
"A splendid meeting [at the Geological Society] last night,
Sedgwick in the chair. Conybeare's paper on Valley of the
Thames, directed against Messrs. Lyell and Murchison's
former paper, was read in part. Buckland present to defend
the 'Diluvialists,' as Conybeare styles his sect; and us he
terms 'Fluvialists.' Greenough assisted us by making an
ultra speech on the importance of modern causes....
Murchison and I fought stoutly, and Buckland was very piano.
Conybeare's memoir is not strong by any means. He admits
three deluges before the Noachian! and Buckland adds God
knows how many _catastrophes_ besides; so we have driven
them out of the Mosaic record fairly."
Again, in the month of June, he writes to the same correspondent in
regard to the second portion of the same paper[26]:--
"The last discharge of Conybeare's artillery, served by the
great Oxford engineer against the Fluvialists, as they are
pleased to term us, drew upon them on Friday a sharp volley
of musketry from all sides, and such a broadside, at the
finale, from Sedgwick as was enough to sink the 'Reliquiæ
Diluvianæ'[27] for ever, and make the second volume shy of
venturing out to sea."
In a third letter, written to Dr. Fleming, he gives a similar account of
the battle between the Diluvialists and Fluvialists, and concludes with
these words[28]:--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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