[Footnote 14: The ancient quarrel between the old Holland parties of Hooks and Cods continually blazed out anew. On one notable occasion, to show her impartiality, the duchess appeared in public accompanied by the stadtholder, Lelaing, a partisan of the Hooks, and by Frank van Borselen, himself a Cod, the widower of Jacqueline, the late Countess of Holland.] [Footnote 15: Barante, _Histoire des Dues de Bourgogne_, vi., 2, note by Reiffenberg.] [Footnote 16: See _Catalogue des manuscrits des Ducs de Bourgogne,_ "Résumé historique," i., lxxix.] [Footnote 17: Barante, vi., 2, note.] [Footnote 18: Loomis, _Medieval Hellenism_.] [Footnote 19: Pirenne, _Histoire de Belgique_, ii., 231.] [Footnote 20: It was in June, 1434, that this alliance had been made. Sigismund claimed that Philip had no right in Brabant, Holland, Zealand, and Hainaut, which in his opinion were lapsed fiefs, of the empire.] [Footnote 21: Putnam, _A Medieval Princess_. [Footnote 22: Monstrelet, _La Chronique_, v., 344.] [Footnote 23: La Marche, _Mémoires_, ii., 50.] [Footnote 24: Reiffenberg, _Essai sur les enfants naturels de Philippe de Bourgogne._] [Footnote 25: Meyer, _Commentarii sive Annales rerum Flandricarum, _ p. 296.] CHAPTER II YOUTH 1440-1453 The heir of Burgundy was still in very tender years when he began to take official part in public affairs, sometimes associated with one parent, sometimes with the other. There was a practical advantage in bringing the boy to the fore by which the duke was glad to profit. With his own manifold interests, it was impossible for him to be present in his various capitals as often as was demanded by the usage of the diverse individual seigniories. It was politic, therefore, to magnify the representative capacity of his son and of his consort in order to obtain the grants and _aides_ which certain of his subjects declared could be given only when requested orally by their sovereign lord. Thus, in 1444, it was Count Charles and the duchess who appeared in Holland to ask an _aide_.[1] In the following year, Charles accompanied his father when Philip made one of his rare visits--there were only three between 1428 and 1466--to Holland and Zealand. [Illustration: A CASTLE IN BURGUNDY]