In 1547 by 1 Edward VI it was enacted that communion in both kinds should be administered to the laity. The old form of chalice and paten remained for a time, as even the Reformation with all its fury could not and did not wholly uproot all the most sacred and deeply seated ritual in connexion with religious observances. The subject of the change in the form of the chalice with its inverted cup and the introduction of the severer form of the open communion cup and the flagon, is a study in ecclesiastical and political history which cannot be further pursued here. In general it may be said that the old forms of chalice are not frequently met with, and have been carefully guarded by religious bodies, possibly having to be hidden. The examples now extant are usually found in cathedral cities and in the custody of corporate bodies or Church authorities. We are fortunate in being able to reproduce illustrations of some fine Exeter examples exhibiting exquisite symmetry and characteristic ornamentation. The paten, it should be observed, was made to serve as a cover for the communion cup, a style which appears to have been general in Elizabeth’s day, and the old pre-Reformation paten was discarded by ecclesiastical law. In the illustration given (p. 67) of a chalice and cover this form is seen. The specimen is silver-gilt of the style known as the Exeter pattern. The bowl is conical in shape with engraved foliated ornament. The knop is fluted and the foot is in similar style. The inscription is “St. Petrox, Exon,” and the piece is still in the possession of the parish of St. Petrock, Exeter. The maker is I. Ions, and the piece bears the Exeter hall-mark for the year 1572, the year of the massacre of St. Bartholomew. The chalice and cover illustrated on the same page is another fine example of the Exeter pattern, with inscription on cover “The Paryshe of Trynitye in the yeare of our Lorde 1575.” The maker is I. Ions and the Exeter date mark 1575. The marks of this piece are illustrated page 391. Another Elizabethan chalice and cover bears the London hall-mark of 1573. It is parcel gilt, has a straight bowl with slight lip, and engraved foliated bands. Its inscription is “St. Martin’s in Exon.” This is illustrated on page 71 together with a Charles I chalice and cover made by J. R. Radcliff and bearing the Exeter mark of 1640, the date when Strafford was impeached and two years before the outbreak of the Civil War. The illustration shows the mark on the middle of the bowl, with the maker’s name in full between the two bands of floriated decoration. [Illustration: CHARLES II CUP. Silver-gilt. London hall-mark, 1660. (Marks illustrated p. 369.) (_By courtesy of Messrs. Elkington & Co._)] [Illustration: WILLIAM III FLAGONS. London hall-mark, 1692. Maker’s mark, I.Y. (_In possession of Parish of St. Martin’s, Exeter._)]