CHAPTER IX.--FIGURE SUBJECTS AND GROUPS (RENAISSANCE PERIOD). Figure. Woman and Cow (_Chr. Thomsen_) 271 Figure. Boy and Calf (_Chr. Thomsen_) 275 Figures of Peasants. Child and Old Woman (_Chr. Thomsen_) 279 Figure Group. From Hans Christian Andersen's Story of "Princess and Swineherd" (_Chr. Thomsen_) 285 CHAPTER X.--CRYSTALLINE GLAZES. Figure Group. Polar Bears on an Ice Floe (_C. E. Bonnesen_ and _V. Engelhardt_) 293 Figure Subject. Frog imbedded in Ice (_A. Krog_ and _V. Engelhardt_) 297 Vases. (_A. Krog_ and _V. Engelhardt_) 299 Vases. Crystalline Glaze (_V. Engelhardt_) 303 CHAPTER XI.--COPENHAGEN ART FAIENCE. Dish with tropical bird (_Christian Joachim_) 307 Placque with parrot (_Christian Joachim_) 311 Vase with floral decoration 315 Vase--hexagonal--with floral and arabesque decoration 319 Figures. _A Midsummer Night's Dream_ 323 Figures. Clown, Columbine, and Harlequin 327 Boxes and Vase 331 CHAPTER XII.--THE FACTORY TO-DAY. Courtyard of Factory, showing Turkey with Brood 337 Interior, showing Studios of Lady Artists 341 CHAPTER I THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE COPENHAGEN FACTORY THE FOURNIER PERIOD SOFT-PASTE PORCELAIN (1760-1766) CHAPTER I THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE COPENHAGEN FACTORY _THE FOURNIER PERIOD_ (1760-1766) Establishment of porcelain factories in Europe--The German School and the French School--Hard paste--Soft paste--The new ceramic art--The great secret--The secret divulged--The first porcelain in Denmark. In order to understand the initial stages in the history of the manufacture of porcelain in Denmark, it is necessary to review the peculiar conditions in which china factories existed in the eighteenth century. At the middle of the century there were two great schools, the German and the French. The former made hard or true porcelain according to the formula of Meissen, and the latter made soft or artificial porcelain in the manner of St. Cloud.