Chaucer's Works, Volume 2 — Boethius and TroilusChaucer, Geoffrey
Philosophy
Chaucer's Works, Volume 2 — Boethius and Troilus
Chaucer, Geoffrey
English poetry -- Middle English, 1100-1500
BOOK II. Philosophy enlarges on the wiles of Fortune (pr. 1), and
addresses him in Fortune's name, asserting that her mutability is natural
and to be expected (pr. 2). Adversity is transient (pr. 3), and Boethius
has still much to be thankful for (pr. 4). Riches only bring anxieties,
and cannot confer happiness (pr. 5); they were unknown in the Golden Age
(met. 5). Neither does happiness consist in honours and power (pr. 6).
The power of Nero only taught him cruelty (met. 6). Fame is but vanity
(pr. 7), and is ended by death (met. 7). Adversity is beneficial (pr. 8).
All things are bound together by the chain of Love (met. 8).
BOOK III. Boethius begins to receive comfort (pr. 1). Philosophy
discourses on the search for the Supreme Good (_summum bonum_; pr. 2).
The laws of nature are immutable (met. 2). All men are engaged in the
pursuit of happiness (pr. 3). Dignities properly appertain to virtue (pr.
4). Power cannot drive away care (pr. 5). Glory is deceptive, and the
only true nobility is that of character (pr. 6). Happiness does not
consist in corporeal pleasures (pr. 7); nor in bodily strength or beauty
(pr. 8). Worldly bliss is insufficient and false; and in seeking true
felicity, we must invoke God's aid (pr. 9). Boethius sings a hymn to the
Creator (met. 9); and acknowledges that God alone is the Supreme Good (p.
10). The unity of soul and body is necessary to existence, and the love
of life is instinctive (pr. 11). Error is dispersed by the light of Truth
(met. 11). God governs the world, and is all-sufficient, whilst evil has
no true existence (pr. 12). The book ends with the story of Orpheus (met.
12).
BOOK IV. This book opens with a discussion of the existence of evil, and
the system of rewards and punishments (pr. 1). Boethius describes the
flight of Imagination through the planetary spheres till it reaches
heaven itself (met. 1). The good are strong, but the wicked are
powerless, having no real existence (pr. 2). Tyrants are chastised by
their own passions (met. 2). Virtue secures reward; but the wicked lose
even their human nature, and become as mere beasts (pr. 3). Consider the
enchantments of Circe, though these merely affected the outward form
(met. 4). The wicked are thrice wretched; they _will_ to do evil, they
_can_ do evil, and they actually _do_ it. Virtue is its own reward; so
that the wicked should excite our pity (pr. 4). Here follows a poem on
the folly of war (met. 4). Boethius inquires why the good suffer (pr. 5).
Philosophy reminds him that the motions of the stars are inexplicable to
one who does not understand astronomy (met. 5). She explains the
difference between Providence and Destiny (pr. 6). In all nature we see
concord, due to controlling Love (met. 6). All fortune is good; for
punishment is beneficial (pr. 7). The labours of Hercules afford us an
example of endurance (met. 7).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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