3215. _al to-rente_, completely rent in twain. The prefix _to-_ has two powers in Old English. Sometimes it is the preposition _to_ in composition, as in _towards_, or M. E. _to-flight_ (G. _zuflucht_), a refuge. But more commonly it is a prefix signifying _in twain_, spelt _zer-_ in German, and _dis-_ in Moeso-Gothic and Latin. Thus _to-rente_ = rent in twain; _to-brast_ = burst in twain, &c. The intensive adverb _al_, utterly, was used not merely (as is commonly supposed) before verbs beginning with _to-_, but in other cases also. Thus, in William of Palerne, l. 872, we find--'He was _al a-wondred_,' where _al_ precedes the intensive prefix _a-_ = A. S. _of_. Again, in the same poem, l. 661, we have--'_al bi-weped_ for wo,' where _al_ now precedes the prefix _bi-_. In Barbour's Bruce, ed. Skeat, x. 596, is the expression-- 'For, hapnyt ony to slyde or fall, He suld be soyne _to-fruschit al_.' Where _al to-fruschit_ means utterly broken in pieces. Perhaps the clearest example of the complete separability of _al_ from _to_ is seen in l. 3884 of William of Palerne;-- '_Al to-tare_ his atir · þat he _to-tere_ mi[gh]t'; i. e. he entirely tore apart his attire, as much of it as he could tear apart. But at a later period of English, when the prefix _to-_ was less understood, a new and mistaken notion arose of regarding _al to_ as a separable prefix, with the sense of _all to pieces_. I have observed no instance of this use earlier than the reign of Henry VIII. Thus Surrey, Sonnet 9, has '_al-to_ shaken' for shaken to pieces. Latimer has--'they love and _al-to_ love (i. e. entirely love) him'; Serm. p. 289. For other examples, see _Al-to_ in the Bible Word-book; and my notes in Notes and Queries, 3 Ser. xii. 464, 535; also _All_, § C. 15, in the New E. Dict. 3220. Samson's wife was given to a friend; Judges, xiv. 20. She was afterwards burnt by her own people; Judges, xv. 6. 3224. _on every tayl_; one brand being fastened to the tails of two foxes; Judg. xv. 4. 3225. _cornes._ The Vulgate has _segetes_ and _fruges_; also _utneas_ for [230] _vynes_, and _oliueta_ for _oliveres_. The plural form _cornes_ is not uncommon in Early English. Cf. 'Quen thair _corns_ war in don,' i. e. when their harvests were gathered in; Spec. of Eng. pt. ii. ed. Morris and Skeat, p. 70, l. 39. And again, 'alle men-sleeris and brenneris of houses and cornes [misprinted _corves_] ben cursed opynly in parische chirches'; Wyclif's Works, ed. Arnold, iii. 329. 3234. _wang-toth_, molar tooth. This expression is taken from the Vulgate, which has--'Aperuit itaque Dominus _molarem dentem_ in maxilla asini'; where the A. V. has only--'an hollow place that was in the jaw'; Judg. xv. 19. 3236. _Judicum_, i. e. Liber Judicum, the Book of Judges. Cf. note to B. 93, at p. 141. 3237. _Gazan_, a corruption of Gazam, the acc. case, in Judg. xvi. 1, Vulgate version.