Chaucer's Works, Volume 6 — Introduction, Glossary, and IndexesChaucer, Geoffrey
General
Chaucer's Works, Volume 6 — Introduction, Glossary, and Indexes
Chaucer, Geoffrey
English poetry -- Middle English, 1100-1500
For a like reason, the medial pause likewise gives him freedom, and enables
an additional syllable to be inserted with comparative ease. We may believe
that, in old times, when poetry was recited by minstrels to large
assemblies, the enunciation of it was slow and deliberate, and the pauses
were longer than when we now read it to a friend or to ourselves. The
importance attached to suffixes denoting inflexions tends to prove this.
The minstrel's first business was to be understood. Many speakers speak too
fast, and make too short pauses, till experience teaches them better.
Hence there is _no need_ to elide a vowel at the caesura; it must therefore
be sounded clearly. In A 2, the final _-e_ in _March-e_ should be fully
pronounced.
The fact is made much clearer by observing such instances as the following,
all from the Cant. Tales, Group B:--
Or-['e]lles c['e]rt[:e]s | ye b['e]en to d['a]un.ger[`o]us (2129).
|¯| ¯| . |¯ |¯ |¯
Which-th['a]t my-f['a]der | in-h['i]s prosp['e]r.it['e]e (3385).
|¯ |¯| . |¯ |¯ |¯
That-g['o]d of-h['e]ven | had d['o]m.in['a].ci['o]un (3409).
|¯ |¯| . |¯ |¯ |¯
To-M['e]des [`a]nd to-P['e]rses y['e]ven | quod-h['e] (3425).
|¯| ¯ |¯| ¯| . |¯
O['u]t-of his-d['o]r[:e]s | an['o]n he-h['a]th him-d['i]ght (3719).
¯| |¯| . |¯ |¯ |¯
In the same way, the inflexional final _-e_ should be fully sounded in
Group B, l. 102:--
If-th['o]u noon-['a]sk[:e] | with-n['e]d' art['o]w so-w['o]unded.
|¯ |¯| . |¯ |¯ |¯|
So also in B 1178:--
N['a]y-by my-f['a]der s['o]ul[:e] | that-sh['a]l he-n['a]t.
¯| |¯| ¯| . |¯ |¯
Similar examples abound. Thus we should fully pronounce _length-e_, B 8;
_declar-e_, B 1672; _loud-e_, B 1803; _thought-e_, B 1852; _fynd-e_, B
3112; _raft-e_, B 3288; _hadd-e_, B 3309; _biraft-e_, B 3404; _son-e_, B
3413; _son-e_, B 3593; _shet-te_, B 3615; _wend-e_, B 3637.
Notice some examples where the caesura necessarily preserves a final _-e_
from elision, as in B 3989; where _tal-e_ occurs before _al_. So also
_ensamp-le_ in B 3281. Similar instances are rather numerous.
s. 109. The student who has followed the explanation of Chaucer's scansion
up to this point is now in a position to understand the whole mystery of
additional syllables in other positions. According to the usual method of
cutting up lines into 'feet,' such additional syllables make the line seem
awkward; whereas, if properly handled, they are very acceptable.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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