| | | Hydrocyanic acid (50%), | French |Lethal |Artillery shell Arsenious chloride (30%), | | | Stannic chloride (15%) and | | | Chloroform (5%) | | | | | | Phosgene (50%) and | British |Lethal |Artillery shell Arsenious chloride (50%) | | | | | | Dichloroethyl sulfide (80%)| German |Vesicant |Artillery shell and | French |Lethal | Carbon tetrachloride (20%) | British | | | American | | | | | Phosgene (60%) and | British |Lethal |Artillery shell Stannic chloride (40%) | French |Irritant | | | | Methyl sulfate (75%) and | French |Lachrymatory|Artillery shell Chloromethyl sulfate (25%) | |Irritant | ---------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------- [Footnote 4: In the mixtures the percentages indicate proportions by weight.] (2) To simulate the presence of a toxic gas. This may be done either by using a substance whose odor in the field strongly suggests that of the gas in question, or by so thoroughly associating a totally different odor with a particular “gas” in normal use that, when used alone, it still seems to imply the presence of that gas. This use of imitation gas would thus be of service in economizing the use of actual “gas” or in the preparation of surprise attacks. While there was some success with this kind of “gas,” very few such attacks were really carried out, and these were in connection with projector attacks. GASES USED Table I gives a list of all the gases used by the various armies, the nation which used them, the effect produced and the means of projection used. Table II gives the properties of the more important war cases (compiled by Major R. E. Wilson, C. W. S.). The gases used by the Germans may also be classified by the names of the shell in which they were used. Table III gives such a classification. MARKINGS FOR AMERICAN SHELL In selecting markings for American chemical shell, red bands were used to denote persistency, white bands to denote non-persistency and lethal properties, yellow bands to denote smoke, and purple bands to denote incendiary action. The number of bands indicates the relative strength of the property indicated; thus, three red bands denote a gas more persistent than one red band. The following shell markings were actually used: