“The application of the spectroscope to astronomy is not confined to the sun, but reaches much further. The stars also yield their spectra, and we are compelled to recognize that they also are suns; intensely heated globes of glowing gas, rich in the same elements as those familiar to us on the Earth and known by their spectral lines to be present on the sun. The stars, therefore, cannot themselves be inhabited worlds any more than the sun, and at a stroke the whole of the celestial luminaries within the furthest range of our most powerful telescopes are removed from our present search (_i. e._, whether or not life may exist upon them). Only those members of our solar system that shine by reflecting the light of the sun can be cool enough for habitation, the true stars cannot be inhabited, for, whatever their quality and order, they are all suns, and must necessarily be in far too highly heated a condition to be the abode of life. Many of them may, perhaps, be a source of light and heat to attendant planets, but there is no single instance in which such a planet has been directly observed; no dark, non-luminous body has ever been actually seen in attendance on a star. Many double or multiple stars are known, but these are all instances in which one sun-like body is revolving round another of the same order. We see no body shining by reflected light outside the limits of the solar system. Planets to the various stars may exist in countless numbers, but they are invisible to us....” Thus has the science of chemistry been wafted across hundreds of millions of miles of space, and has enabled us to tell, not only the composition of these distant bodies, but also the degree of their habitability, and their possible sources as abodes of life. INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY