Chickamauga and Chattanooga Battlefields: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park—Georgia, TennesseeSullivan, James R.
History
Chickamauga and Chattanooga Battlefields: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park—Georgia, Tennessee
Sullivan, James R.
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.); United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865
Midafternoon found Longstreet once again attempting to wrest the hill
from Thomas’ troops, using McLaw’s, Hindman’s, and Bushrod Johnson’s
Divisions, and again he was repulsed. Later in the afternoon, Longstreet
asked Bragg for reinforcements but was told none were available and that
the right wing “had been beaten back so badly that they could be of no
service” to him. Longstreet determined to make one more effort. He
formed a column of such troops as were available and again assaulted the
hill. The fight was desperate and lasted until nightfall. The Union
troops repulsed some of the Confederate charges with the bayonet as
their ammunition was nearly exhausted. Finally, Longstreet pushed
Steedman back to the next ridge and occupied the ground to the right of
Brannan.
The left of the Union line around Kelly Field spent a relatively quiet
afternoon compared to their comrades on Snodgrass Hill. However, about 4
p.m., the divisions of Hill’s corps and part of Walker’s again assaulted
the Union positions there. By 6 p.m., Cheatham’s Division had joined the
attack. This attack succeeded in enveloping the Union left, and the road
to Rossville, through Rossville Gap, was cut off for the moment.
[Illustration: _Headquarters, Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, Reserve
Corps, Army of the Cumberland, at Rossville Gap. The house was built
by John Ross, Cherokee Indian Chief, who lived in it until 1832.
Ross gave his name to the village in the gap._ From Elson, _The
Civil War Through the Camera_.]
In the meantime, Thomas received orders from Rosecrans to “Assume
command of all the forces, and with Crittenden and McCook take a strong
position and assume a threatening attitude at Rossville.” Although
Thomas received these orders with little delay, it was late afternoon
before he sent instructions to Reynolds to begin the withdrawal and move
into position to cover the retirement of the other troops on the left.
In executing this movement, Reynolds was forced to drive off the
Confederate troops who had begun to envelop the Union left. The Union
army withdrew in relatively good order. The troops holding Kelly Field
moved out first, followed by those who had stubbornly resisted
Longstreet’s attacks upon Snodgrass Hill.
While the retreat from the battlelines may have been in “good order,”
General Beatty’s description of the march to Rossville amply describes
the scene: “The march to Rossville was a melancholy one. All along the
road, for miles, wounded men were lying. They had crawled or hobbled
slowly away from the fury of the battle, become exhausted, and lain down
by the roadside to die.” Beatty reached Rossville between “ten and
eleven” and reported, “At this hour of the night (eleven to twelve
o’clock) the army is simply a mob. There appears to be neither
organization nor discipline. The various commands are mixed up in what
seems to be inextricable confusion.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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