Children's Ways: Being selections from the author's "Studies of childhood," with some additional matterSully, James
Science
Children's Ways: Being selections from the author's "Studies of childhood," with some additional matter
Sully, James
Child development; Child psychology
During the first three months, there is no distinct manifestation of a
fear of strangers. It is only later, when recurring forms have grown
familiar, that the approach of a stranger, especially if accompanied by
a proposal to take the child, calls forth clear signs of displeasure and
the shrinking away of fear. Professor Preyer gives between six and seven
months as the date at which his boy began to cry at the sight of a
strange face.
Here, too, curious differences soon begin to disclose themselves, some
children showing themselves more hospitable than others. It would be
curious to compare the ages at which children begin to take kindly to
new faces. Professor Preyer gives nineteen months as the date at which
his boy surmounted his timidity.
One strange variety of the fear of strangers is the uneasiness shown in
presence of some one who is only partially recognisable. One little boy
of eight months moaned in a curious way when his nurse returned home
after a fortnight's holiday. Another boy of about ten months is said to
have shown a marked shrinking from an uncle who strongly resembled his
father. Such facts, taken with the familiar one that children are apt to
be frightened at the sight of a parent partially disguised, suggest that
half-stranger half-friend may be for a child's mind worse than
altogether a stranger.
The uneasiness which comes from a sense of being in a new room or face
to face with a stranger may perhaps be described as a feeling of what
the Germans call the "unhomely". The little traveller has lost his
bearings, and he begins to feel that he himself is lost. This effect of
homelessness is, of course, most marked when a child finds himself in a
strange place. Much of the acuter fear of children probably has in it
something of this dizzy sickening sense of being lost. A little girl
between the ages of seven and ten used to wake up in a fright crying
loudly because she could not think where she was. Many a child when
exploring a new and dark room, or still more venturesomely wandering
alone out of doors, has suddenly woke up to the strange homeless look of
things. I once saw a wee girl at a children's party who appeared to
enjoy herself well enough up to a certain point, but was then suddenly
seized by this sense of being lost in a new room among new faces, so
that all her older sister's attempts to reassure her failed to stay the
paroxysm of grief and terror.
We may see a measure of this same distrust of the new, this same
clinging to the homely, in many of children's lesser fears, as, for
example, that of new clothes. An infant has been known to break out into
tears at the sight of a new dress on its mother, though the colour and
pattern had, one would have supposed, nothing alarming. The fear of
black clothes, of which there are many known examples, probably includes
further a special dislike for this colour.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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