The short story of China’s navy would not be complete without a word
on the naval engagements of the China-Japan War of 1894–5 over Korea,
when the whole world breathlessly watched the first trial of modern
ironclads, and when the Chinese on several occasions really showed
fearlessness under hopeless conditions. At the end of July, 1894,
Chinese troops arrived at the Yalu River (which divides Korea and
Manchuria) to reinforce General Yeh and Yuan Shih Kai, under cover of
the cruiser _Chi Yuen_ (2,300 tons, 17.5 knots), the _Kuang Yi_ (1,030
tons, 16 knots), etc. On July 25th this fleet was met by the much
superior Japanese fleet consisting of the _Yoshino_ (4,100 tons, 23
knots), _Akitsushima_ (3,150 tons, 19 knots), and _Naniwa_ (19 knots).
After a hot exchange the _Chi Yuen_ escaped from the faster _Yoshino_
by superior work in the stokehold. The _Kuang Yi_ ran aground. Admiral
Ting, the one big name in China’s navy, with a weak squadron, daringly
sailed from Pechili Gulf on September 14th for the Yalu, landed stores,
and skilfully evaded Admiral Ito’s and Rear-Admiral Tsuboi’s squadrons.
On September 17th, Admiral Ting led the way with the _Chen Yuen_ (7,400
tons, 15-knot German-built battleship) and the _Ting Yuen_, a twin
battleship, in the center, the other vessels on the wings, to meet the
Japanese fleets which were advancing in column. Ito passed wide of
the right wing of the Chinese. At 6,000 yards the Chinese opened fire
ineffectively, but the Japanese reserved their fire until 3,000 yards’
range was reached. The Japanese passed through to the rear, and drove
off the smaller Chinese warships. The larger Chinese vessels swung to
starboard to keep their bows toward the circling Japanese. The Japanese
armored cruiser _Fuso_ (3,700 tons, 13 knots), built in England,
steamed in close to the Chinese line. The _Hi Yei_, protected Japanese
cruiser (2,250 tons, 14 knots), crossed between the Chinese battleships
_Chen Yuen_ and _Ting Yuen_, and as could be expected, both were so
damaged that they had to seek the Japanese rear. The slow Japanese
_Akagi_, gunboat (614 tons, 13 knots), was hit by the Chinese left
wing. The second Japanese squadron now came up, and at once attacked
the Chinese front, the first Japanese squadron having completed the
circle, attacking the Chinese rear. The Japanese then withdrew and
reformed, but the Chinese were not able to reform their line. The
Chinese _Yuen Wei_ (gunboat, 1,350 tons, 16 knots) on fire, headed for
the Yalu, where she sank with the brave Captain Teng. The Chinese
_Chao Yuen_ (gunboat, 1,350 tons, 16 knots) was accidentally rammed
by the unmanageable Chinese _Chi Yuen_ (coast defense, 2,300 tons, 17
knots), and both sank, leaving only the two Chinese battleships, which
kept fighting and following the Japanese as best they were able. The
second Japanese squadron sank the Chinese _King Yuen_ (coast defense,
2,900 tons, 15 knots), while the first Japanese squadron circled
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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