A Land of Mountains and Valleys—Extraordinary Rock Formations—Surface Coal—The Rose Garden of the World—Post Office Facilities—Varieties of Inns—Buffaloes as Neighbours—Wild Animals—Industries at Lang-tai-Fung—Roman Catholic Missions—Anshunfu—Hospitals Needed—Visits to the Haunts of Aborigines—First Miao Church—Tenten—Baptismal Service—A Chinese Farm—Village Shrines—Ta-ting, the Mission Centre for many Tribes—Bridges of Various Kinds—Kwei Yang, the Capital—Buddhist Monks—Valuable Trees—Military Escort Needed—Strict Rules not Strictly Observed—Chen Yüen—Start on River Journey in small House-boat. V SOME ABORIGINAL TRIBES IN KWEICHOW 117 The Miao Family—Their Character, Habits, Dress, Embroideries, Hairdressing, Food, Morals—Tribes Numerous: Not yet Classified—Language: no Written Language—Great Flowery and Small Flowery Miao—The “Wooden Combs” and Black Miao—Ancestor Worship—The I-chia—A Different Set of Tribes—Written as well as Spoken Language—Notes from Dr. Henry’s Observations—On Death Rites, on various Superstitions, on Types, on Language—Animistic Religion—Theory of Nestorian Influence—Sacrifice—MS. Story of Creation and Deluge—Black Miao Version—Festivals—“Courting-talk”—Music and Dancing—Witchcraft—Chinese Attitude towards the Tribes. VI THE PROVINCE OF HUNAN 141 Boat Travel—Fear of Robbers and Evil Spirits—Yuanchowfu—White Wax Industry—Hong Kiang—Medical Work—Shenchowfu—American Ideals—Standard Oil Company—Changteh—Journey by Launch across Tong Ting Lake to Changsha, Capital of Hunan—Fear of Southerners—Red Cross Preparations—Various Missions—Yale College—Dr. Keller’s Bible School—An English Consulate. VII PRESENT-DAY IRONSIDES—GENERAL FENG YU HSIANG 159 Changsha Headquarters—Work of 16th Mixed Brigade in Sze-Chuan—Arrival at Changsha—Changes in City Life—Suppression of Opium Dens, Gambling Hells, Theatres, etc.—Open-air Evening Schools—Industrial Schools—Women’s Education—General Feng’s Career—Murder of Dr. Logan—The General’s Patriotism—Industrial Training of Army—Strict Discipline—Sunday in the Army—Service for the Ladies—Officers’ Service—Recent Events—Withdrawal of Northern Army from Changsha—Entry of Southern Troops—No Pay for the 16th Mixed Brigade. VIII THE NEW CHINESE WOMAN—MISS TSENG, B.SC. (Lond.) 175 Chinese ideas of Woman’s Sphere—Confucius on Woman—“Rules for Women”—Modern Women—Their Patriotic Spirit—Miss Tseng’s Early Life and Training—Adoption of Christianity—English University Career—Return to China—School started for Chinese Girls of Middle Classes—Sports—Decision of Students not to Strike—Miss Tseng’s Influence—Women Journalists and Doctors. IX THE YOUTH OF CHINA 189