[Illustration: [Chinese] _Yü lan pi chih_ = secretly made by Yü-lan; Yi-hsing (nineteenth century).] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Wan li ting yu ch´ên wên ching su_ = Ch´ên Wên-ching modelled it in the ting-yu year of Wan Li (i.e. 1597).] MARKS ON FUKIEN WHITE PORCELAIN [Illustration: [Chinese] _Chao-chin_ = a potter's name.] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Chung t´un shih_ = Chung-t´un family.] [Illustration: [Chinese] (?) _Li-chih_ = a potter's name.] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Shan jên ch´ên-wei_ = the hermit Ch´ên-wei.] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Lai-kuan_ = potter's name.] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Chao tsung ho yin_ = seal of Ho Chao-tsung.] POTTERS' NAMES, ETC. [Illustration: [Chinese] _Chiang ming kao tsao_ = made by Chiang Ming-kao (about 1700).] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Ch´ên kuo chih tsao_ = made by Ch´ên Kuo-chih (about 1700).] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Tao kuang ting wei wên lang shan chih_ = made by Wên Lang-shan in the _ting-wei_ year of Tao Kuang (i.e. 1847).] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Yü fêng yang lin_ = Yang Lin of Yü-fêng. (See Vol. ii., p. 212.)] [Illustration: [Chinese] (?) Trader's mark on export porcelain. (See Vol. ii., p. 136.)] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Wang tso t´ing tso_ = made by Wang Tso-t´ing (early nineteenth century).] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Wang ping jung tso_ = made by Wan Ping-jung (early nineteenth century).] [Illustration: [Chinese] [Chinese] _Ling nan hui chê_ = Ling-nan (Canton) painting. Seal of _Pai-shih_ (white rock). (See Vol. ii., p. 211.)] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Fu fan chih tsao_ = made on the borders of Fukien. (See Vol. ii., p. 108.)] [Illustration: [Chinese] Three examples of "shop marks."] (4) _Marks of dedication, felicitation_, etc. In many cases the place of a date mark, hall mark, or potter's name is taken by a word or phrase commending or describing the ware or invoking a benediction on the possessor. Such marks may be conveniently subdivided into marks of (_a_) dedication, (_b_) felicitation, (_c_) commendation; to which may be added (_d_) symbols used as marks. (_a_) _Marks of dedication_ indicating the destination or intention of the ware contain the name of a place or person or some word suggesting the use to which the vessel was dedicated. This group naturally overlaps that of the hall marks, there being no essential difference between a palace hall mark and such a mark as _Shu fu_ [Chinese] (Imperial palace) which was inscribed on the Imperial porcelain of the Yüan dynasty.