[Illustration: [Chinese] _ta ya chai_ = pavilion of grand culture. The Empress dowager's mark.] MARKS OF COMMENDATION [Illustration: [Chinese] _t´ien_ = heaven.] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Chên_ = a gem.] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Ya wan_ = elegant trinket.] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Ch´üan_ = complete.] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Yü_ = jade.] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Chên wan_ = precious trinket.] [Illustration: [Chinese] _fu kuei chia ch´i_ = fine vessel for the rich and honourable.] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Nan ch´uan chin yü_ = embroidered jade of Nan-ch´uan (i.e. Ching-tê Chên).] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Ch´i shih pao ting chih chên_ = a gem among precious vessels of rare stone.] [Illustration: [Chinese] _Ai lien chên shang_ = precious reward of the lover of the lotus.] [Illustration: [Chinese] _han hsing_ = to contain fragrance.] For other marks on porcelain and pottery see _Marks on Pottery and Porcelain_, by W. Burton and R.L. Hobson, and _The New Chaffers_. MISCELLANEOUS MARKS AND SYMBOLS [Illustration: Conch-shell.] [Illustration: Incense-burner (_ting_).] [Illustration: _ju-i_ head.] [Illustration: Knot (_chang_).] [Illustration: Swastika (_wan_).] [Illustration: Swastika in a lozenge symbol.] [Illustration: Stork (on a late Ming blue and white dish).] [Illustration: The moon hare.] [Illustration: The moon hare.] [Illustration: The moon hare.] [Illustration: Artemisia leaf.] [Illustration: Fungus (_ling-chih_).] [Illustration: Fungus (_ling-chih_).] [Illustration: _Fu_ (one of the twelve ornaments on ancient embroidery).] END OF VOL. I. PRINTED BY CASSELL & COMPANY, LIMITED, LA BELLE SAUVAGE, LONDON, E.C. F 15.115 FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 448: See _T'ao lu_, bk. viii., fol. 14 verso (quoting the _I chih_): "In the sixteenth year of K'ang Hsi the district magistrate, Chang Ch'i-chung, a man of Yang-ch'êng, forbade the workmen of Ching-tê Chên to inscribe on the porcelain vessels the _nien hao_ of the Emperor or the handwriting (_tzŭ chi_ [Chinese]) of the holy men, to prevent their being broken and injured."] [Footnote 449: See _Catalogue B.F.A._, 1910, E 4.] [Footnote 450: This qualification is very necessary, because there are plenty of inferior pieces with the Ch'êng Hua mark which are quite modern.] [Footnote 451: The Ch´ien Lung enamelled Imperial ware is frequently marked in red within a square panel reserved in the opaque bluish green enamel which so often covers the base.] [Footnote 452: For the complete tables of cycles see Mayers, op. cit., p. 362.] [Footnote 453: Though the reign of K´ang Hsi officially dates from 1662, in reality it began with the death of the previous Emperor in 1661; see p. 216.] [Footnote 454: _O. C. A._, p. 79.] [Footnote 455: Vol. ii., p. 167.] [Footnote 456: Vol. ii, p. 34.] * * * * *