Chinese pottery and porcelain; vol. 2. Ming and Ch'ing PorcelainHobson, R. L. (Robert Lockhart)
History
Chinese pottery and porcelain; vol. 2. Ming and Ch'ing Porcelain
Hobson, R. L. (Robert Lockhart)
Porcelain, Chinese; Pottery, Chinese
Of the other kinds of polychrome, the porcelain with glazes of the
_demi-grand feu_, and enamels of the muffle kiln in the three
colours, green, yellow, and aubergine, was still made. It is hardly
likely that the manufacture[381] which Père d’Entrecolles describes
in 1722 ceased immediately, and we know that the finer types with
engraved designs and transparent glazes in the three colours were made
to perfection at the Imperial factory. Fig. 1 of Plate 116 illustrates
a bowl of this kind with the Yung Chêng mark and, to judge from its
exquisite quality, an Imperial piece. The ornament is in green, in a
full yellow ground. This type of decoration is a legacy from the Ming
dynasty, and doubtless many of the saucer dishes, bowls, etc., with
Chêng Tê marks, but with all the trimness and neatness of the Yung
Chêng wares, belong to the latter period. One variety is actually
specified in the Imperial list[382] viz. “reproductions of porcelain
with incised green decoration in a monochrome yellow ground.”
As for the on-glaze enamels of the muffle kiln the old _famille verte_
colour scheme was to a great and increasing extent supplanted by the
_famille rose_. It survived, however, in certain modified forms--in the
delicately painted wares, for example, usually of eggshell thinness and
decorated in thin, clear, transparent enamels, such as were described
in connection with the late K’ang Hsi “birthday plates ” (see Plate
113). And again the same colours were employed in a special type of
decoration which seems to have originated in the Yung Chêng period,
though it was freely used in later reigns. In this the design was
carefully traced in pale blue outlines under the glaze, and filled in
with light uniform washes of transparent enamels on the glaze. The
effect is delicate and refined, though somewhat weak in comparison with
the full, iridescent colours and broad washes of the older _famille
verte_.
Possibly this style of decoration was intended to reproduce the
traditional refinement of the Ch’êng Hua cups. The Imperial list[383]
includes “reproductions of Ch’êng Hua polychrome (_wu ts’ai_),”
and four exquisite eggshell wine cups in the Hippisley Collection
which bear the Ch’êng Hua mark, are painted in this fashion.[384]
Similarly in the Bushell collection there are some beautiful
reproductions of the Ch’êng Hua “stem-cups,” with grape vine patterns,
etc., which are no doubt of the same origin. Larger work in the same
style is illustrated by a fine vase in the Victoria and Albert Museum
with a phœnix design which suggests an Imperial destination (Plate
117).
[Illustration: Plate 116.--Yung Chêng Porcelain.
Fig. 1.--Imperial Rice Bowl with design of playing children
(_wa wa_), engraved outlines filled in with green in a
yellow ground, transparent glazes on the biscuit. Yung Chêng
mark. Diameter 6 inches. _British Museum._
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