There is another graveboard of the ruling chief of Sandy Lake on the Upper Mississippi. Here the reversed bird denotes his family name or clan, the Crane. Four transverse lines above it denote that he had killed four of his enemies in battle. An analogous custom is mentioned by Aristotle ('Politica,' vii. 2, p. 220, ed. Göttling). Speaking of the Iberians, he states that they placed as many obelisks round the grave of a warrior as he had killed enemies in battle. But the Indians went further; and though they never arrived at the perfection of the Egyptian hieroglyphics, they had a number of symbolic emblems which were perfectly understood by all their tribes. Eating is represented by a man's hand lifted to his mouth. Power over man is symbolized by a line drawn in the figure from the mouth to the heart; power in general by a head with two horns. A circle drawn around the body at the abdomen denotes full means of subsistence. A boy drawn with waved lines from each ear and lines leading to the heart represents a pupil. A figure with a plant as head, and two wings, denotes a doctor skilled in medicine, and endowed with the power of ubiquity. A tree with human legs, a herbalist or professor of botany. Night is represented by a finely crossed or barred sun, or a circle with human legs. Rain is figured by a dot or semicircle filled with water and placed on the head. The heaven with three disks of the sun is understood to mean three days' journey, and a landing after a voyage is represented by a tortoise. Short sentences, too, can be pictured in this manner. A prescription ordering abstinence from food for two, and rest for four, days is written by drawing a man with two bars on the stomach and four across the legs. We are told even of war-songs and love-songs composed in this primitive alphabet; but it would seem as if, in these cases, the reader required even greater poetical imagination than the writer. There is one war-song consisting of four pictures-- 1. The sun rising. 2. A figure pointing with one hand to the earth and the other extended to the sky. 3. The moon with two human legs. 4. A figure personifying the Eastern woman, i. e. the evening star. These four symbols are said to convey to the Indian the following meaning: I am rising to seek the war path; The earth and the sky are before me; I walk by day and by night; And the evening star is my guide. The following is a specimen of a love-song: 1. Figure representing a god (monedo) endowed with magic power. 2. Figure beating the drum and singing; lines from his mouth. 3. Figure surrounded by a secret lodge. 4. Two bodies joined with one continuous arm. 5. A woman on an island. 6. A woman asleep; lines from his ear towards her. 7. A red heart in a circle. This poem is intended to express these sentiments: 1. It is my form and person that make me great--