[Transcriber’s Note: This e-text uses characters that require UTF-8 (Unicode) file encoding, including accented Greek and a number of letters used in Sanskrit transliteration: œ [oe ligature] θεός, Ζεύς, ἐπίῤῥημα [Greek] ś Ś [s with “acute” accent] ṭ ḍ ṇ ṛ ḷ ṃ ḥ Ṛ [letters with under-dot] ấ î́ û́ ṛ́ [letters with multiple diacritics, especially vowels with both acute and circumflex] ā ē ī ō ū [vowel with macron or “long” mark] ă ĕ ĭ ŭ Ĭ [vowel with breve or “short” mark] [The book generally used circumflex accents to represent long vowels. Anomalies are individually noted.] ů [u with small o, used in one Middle High German passage] ȩ [e with cedilla, used in this e-text to represent an unavailable Old Norse letter] † [dagger, used only in a few Index entries] If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font. Depending on available fonts, some tables may not line up vertically. As a last resort, use the Latin-1 version of the file instead. In the combined forms ấ ế û́ ṛ́ the acute accent may display after (to the right of) the main letter; this by itself is not a problem. The text also contains the single Hebrew word גְּרֵיים [gerim], and one brief passage uses Devanagari letters: क (k) च (c, the voiceless palatal) ज (j, the voiced palatal) श (ś) These may be ignored if everything else displays as intended. The Sanskrit transliteration system is explained at the end of the e-text, before the Errata. Italic text is shown with _lines_. Bold (only in the Colebrooke Appendix) and “gesperrt” (spaced-out) are shown with +marks+. Note that Chapters VI-IX in the table of contents are labeled VII-X in the body text. Typographical errors are listed at the end of the e-text.] [Latin-1: revert to {t} {n} {d} {l} {ri} {s}] CHIPS FROM A GERMAN WORKSHOP. VOL. IV. CHIPS from A GERMAN WORKSHOP. by F. MAX MÜLLER, M.A., Foreign Member of the French Institute, etc. VOLUME IV. ESSAYS CHIEFLY ON THE SCIENCE OF LANGUAGE With Index to Vols III. and IV. NEW YORK: CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS, 1881. [_Published by arrangement with the Author._] Riverside, Cambridge: +Stereotyped and Printed by+ H. O. Houghton and Company. To ARTHUR PENRHYN STANLEY, D.D., Dean of Westminster, as a Token of Gratitude and Friendship from One Who Has for Many Years Admired His Loyalty to Truth, His Singleness of Purpose, His Chivalrous Courage, and His Unchanging Devotion to His Friends. CONTENTS OF FOURTH VOLUME. PAGE