Chips from a German Workshop, Volume 4: Essays Chiefly on the Science of LanguageMüller, F. Max (Friedrich Max)
Religion
Chips from a German Workshop, Volume 4: Essays Chiefly on the Science of Language
Müller, F. Max (Friedrich Max)
Comparative linguistics; Folklore; Literature -- History and criticism; Mythology; Religions
Zend +ana+, prep., upon; Greek ἀνά; Goth, _ana_, upon.
Zend +erezataêna+, adj., made of silver; Lat. _argentinus_. In Sk.
we have +rajatam+, silver, but no corresponding adjective.
Zend +içi+, ice; O.N. _îss_; A.S. _îs_; O.H.S. _îs_.
Grimm compares the Irish _eirr_, snow, and he remarks that the other
Aryan languages have each framed their own words for ice, Lith. _ledas_,
O.S. _led_, and distantly connected with these, through the Russian
_cholodnyi_, the Latin _glacies_, for _gelacies_, Greek κρύος, κρυμός,
κρύσταλλος.
The root from which these Greek words for ice are derived has left
several derivatives in other languages, such as Lat. _cru-s-ta_, and
O.N. _hrî-m_, rime, hoar-frost, and in Zend +khrûta+, used as an
adjective of +zim+, winter, originally the hard winter. In Zend
+khrûma+, and +khrûra+, Sk. +krûra+, as in Greek κρυόεις, the meaning
has changed to _crudus_, _crudelis_. In the English _raw_, O.H.G.
_hrâo_, a similar change of meaning may be observed.
Another name connected with ice and winter is the Zend +zyâo+, frost,
from the root +hi+, which has given us χι-ών, Sk. +hi-ma+, Lat.
_hiem-s_, O.S. _zima_, but which in the simplest form has been preserved
in Zend only and in the O.N. _gȩ_. Fick quotes _gȩ_ with the doubtful
meanings of cold and snow, Curtius with that of storm, identifying it
with Norw. _gjö_, _nix autumni recens_.
There is still another name for snow, absent in Sanskrit, but fully
represented in Zend and the other Aryan languages, viz., Zend _çnizh_,
to snow, Lat. _nix_, Goth. _snaív-s_, Lith. _snig-ti_, to snow, Ir.
_snechta_, snow, Gr. νίφ-α (acc).[14]
Zend +aêva+, one; Gr. οἶος.
Zend +kamara+, girdle, vault; Gr. καμάρα, vault, covered carriage;
A.S. _himil_. Connected with this we find the Zend +kameredhe+,
skull, vault of head, very nearly connected with κμέλεθρον,
μέλαθρον.
Zend +kareta+, knife; Lith. _kalta-s_, knife; cf. _culter_, Sk.
+kart-ari+, etc. The Slav. _korda_, O.N. _kordi_, Hung. _kard_, are
treated by Justi as words borrowed from Persian.
Zend +cvant+, Lat. _quantus_. Sk. has +tâvat+, _tantus_, and
+yâvat+, but not +kâvat+.
Zend +garaṇh+, reverence; Gr. γέρας.
Zend +thrâfaṇh+, food; Gr. -τρέφες.
Zend +da+, _e.g._ +vaêçmen-da+, towards the house; Gr. οἶκόν-δε; cf.
Goth. _du_, to, O.S. _do_.
Zend +daiti+, gift; Gr. δόσις, Lat. _dôs_, _dôti-s_, Lith. _důti-s_.
Zend +dâmi+, creation; Gr. θέμις, law.
Zend +naçu+, corpse; Gr. νέκυς; Goth. _nau-s_.
Zend +napo+, nom. sing.; A.S. _nefa_; O.H.G. _nefo_.
Zend +paithya+ in +qaêpaithya+, own; Lat. _sua-pte_, _ipse_; Lith.
_pati-s_, self.
Zend +peretu+, bridge; Lat. _portus_.
Zend +fraêsta+, most, best; Gr. πλεῖστος.
Zend +brvat+, brow; Gr. ἀβροῦτες (Macedon.); Lat.
_frons_.
Zend +madh+, to cure; Lat. _mederi_.
Zend +man+, in +upa-man+, to wait; Lat. _manere_.
Zend +mîzhda+; Gr. μισθός; Goth. _mizd-ô_; O.S. _mîzda_.
Zend +yâre+, year; Goth. _jer_; O.S. _jarŭ_, spring.
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