Latin:-- ero, erĭs, erĭt, erĭmus, erĭtis, erunt. In these terminations we have really two auxiliary verbs, the verb +as+, to be, and +ya+, to go, and by adding them to any given root, as, for instance, +DA+, to give, we have the Sanskrit (+dâ-as-yâ-mi+):-- dâ-s-yâ-mi, dâ-s-ya-si, dâ-s-ya-ti, dâ-s-yâ-mas, dâ-s-ya-tha, dâ-s-ya-nti, Greek (δω-εσ-ιω):-- δώ-σ-ω,[21] δώ-σ-εις, δώ-σ-ει, δώ-σ-ομεν, δώ-σ-ετε, δώ-σ-ουσι Latin:-- pot-ero, pot-erĭs, pot-erit, pot-erĭmus, pot-erĭtis, pot-erunt. A verbal form of very frequent occurrence in Sanskrit is the so-called gerundive participle which signifies that a thing is necessary or proper to be done. Thus from +budh+, to know, is formed +bodh-ya-s+, one who is to be known, _cognoscendus_; from +guh+, to hide, +gúh-ya-s+, or +goh-ya-s+, one who is to be hidden, literally, one who goes to a state of hiding or being hidden; from +yaj+, to sacrifice, +yâj-ya-s+, one who is or ought to be worshipped. Here, again, what is going to be becomes gradually what will be, and lastly, what shall be. In Greek we find but few analogous forms, such as ἅγιος, holy, στύγ-ι-ος, to be hated; in Latin _ex-im-i-us_, to be taken out; in Gothic _anda-nêm-ja_, to be taken on, to be accepted, agreeable, German _angenehm_.[22] While the gerundive participles in +ya+ are formed on the same principle as the verbal bases in +ya+ of the passive, a number of substantives in +ya+ seem to have been formed in close analogy to the bases of denominative verbs, or the bases of neuter verbs, in all of which the derivative +ya+ expresses originally the act of going, behaving, and at last of simple being. Thus from +vid+, to know, we find in Sanskrit +vid-yâ+, knowing, knowledge; from +śi+, to lie down, +śayyâ+; resting. Analogous forms in Latin are _gaud-i-um_, _stud-i-um_, or with feminine terminations, _in-ed-i-a_, _in-vid-i-a_, _per-nic-i-es_, _scab-i-es_; in Greek, μαν-ί-α, ἁμαρτ-ί-α, or ἁμάρτ-ι-ον; in German, numerous abstract nouns in _i_ and _e_.[23] This shows how much can be achieved, and has been achieved, in language with the simplest materials. Neuter, denominative, causative, passive verbs, optatives and futures, gerundives, adjectives, and substantives, all are formed by one and the same process, by means of one and the same root. It is no inconsiderable portion of grammar which has thus been explained by this one root +ya+, to go, and we learn again and again how simple and yet how wonderful are the ways of language, if we follow them up from stratum to stratum to their original starting-point.