The next patron of Buddhism was Ying, the King of _Kh_û, at the time of the Emperor _K_ang, his father (76-88). Many Shâmans, it is said, came to China then from the Western regions, bringing Buddhist Sûtras. Some of these translations, however, proved unintelligible. During the reign of the Emperor Hwan (147-167), An-shi-kao (usually called An-shing), a Shâman of An-hsi,(86) brought classical books to Lo, and translated them. This is evidently the same translator of whom Mr. Beal (“J. R. A. S.” 1856, pp. 327, 332) speaks as a native of Eastern Persia or Parthia, and whose name Mr. Wylie wished to identify with Arsak. As An-shi-kao is reported to have been a royal prince, who made himself a mendicant and travelled as far as China, Mr. Wylie supposes that he was the son of one of the Arsacidæ, Kings of Persia. Mr. Beal on the contrary, takes the name to be a corruption of A_s_vaka or Assaka—_i. e._ Ἱππάσιοι.(87) Under the Emperor Ling, 168-189 A. D., _K_i-_kh_an (or _K_i-tsin), a Shâman from the Yueh-_k_i (called _K_i-lau-kia-_k_uai by Beal), _K_û-fo-soh (Ta-fo-sa), an Indian Shâman, and others, worked together to produce a translation of the Nirvâ_n_a-sûtra, in two sections. The K’ai-yuen-lu ascribes twenty-three works to _K_i-_kh_an, and two Sûtras to _K_û-fo-soh. Towards the end of the Han dynasty, _K_u-yung, the grand guardian, was a follower of Buddha. In the time of the Three Kingdoms (220-264) Khang-sang-hui, a Shâman of the Western regions, came to Wû(88) with Sûtras and translated them. Sun-_kh_üan, the sovereign, believed in Buddhism. About the same time Khang-sang-khai translated the longer text of the Sukhavatîvyûha. In Wei,(89) during the period Hwang-_kh_u (220-226) the Chinese first observed the Buddhist precepts, shaved their heads, and became Sang—_i. e._ monks. Even before this, a Shâman of the Western regions had come here and translated the Hsiâo-pin Sûtra—_i. e._ the Sûtra of Smaller Matters (Khudda-kanikâya?)—but the head and tail of it were contradictory, so that it could not be understood. In the period Kan-lû (256-259), _K_û-shi-hsing (Chu-shuh-lan, in Beal’s “Catalogue”) went to the West as far as Khoten, and obtained a Sûtra in ninety sections, with which he came back to Yéh, in the Tsin period of Yüen-khang (291-299), and translated it (with Dharmaraksha) under the title of “Light-emitting Pra_gn_â-pâramitâ Sûtra.”(90) In the period Thai-shi (265-274), under the Western Tsin (265-316), Kû-fâ-hu(91) (Dharmaraksha), a Shâman of the Yüeh-_k_i, travelled through the various kingdoms of the West, and brought a large collection of books home to Lo, where he translated them. It is stated in the Catalogue of the Great _K_au, an interlude in the dynasty of Thang (690-705 A. D.), that in the seventh year of the period Thai-khang (286) he translated _K_ing-fa-hwa—_i. e._ the Saddharma-pu_nd_arîka (Beal, “Catalogue,” p. 14).(92)