About 300 A. D. _K_i-kung-ming translated the Wei-ma (Vimala-kîrtti) and Fa-hwa (Saddharma-pu_nd_arîka).(93) In 335 the prince of the _Kh_au kingdom (during the Tsin dynasty) permitted his subjects to become Shâmans, influenced chiefly by Buddhasi_m_ha.(94) In the time of the rebel Shih-leh, 330-333, during the Tsin dynasty, a Shâman Wei-tao-an, or Tao-an, of _Kh_ang-shan, studied Buddhist literature under Buddhasi_m_ha. He produced a more correct translation of the Vimala-kîrtti-sûtra (and Saddharma-pu_nd_arîka), and taught it widely; but as he was not an original translator, his name is not mentioned in the K’ai-yuen-lu. On account of political troubles, Tâo-an led his disciples southward, to Hsin-ye, and dispatched them to different quarters—Fâ-shang to Yang-_k_âu, Fâ-hwa to Shû—while he himself, with Wei-yüan, went to Hsiang-yang and _Kh_ang-an. Here Fu-_kh_ien, the sovereign of the Fûs, who about 350 had got possession of _Kh_ang-an, resisting the authority of the Tsin, and establishing the dynasty of the Former _Kh_in, received him with distinction. It was at the wish of Tâo-an that Fu-_kh_ien invited Kumâra_g_îva to _Kh_ang-an; but when, after a long delay, Kumâra_g_îva arrived there, in the second year of the period Hung-shi (400 A. D.), under Yâo-hsing, who, in 394, had succeeded Yâo-_kh_ang,(95) the founder of the After _Kh_in dynasty, Tâo-an had been dead already twenty years. His corrected translations, however, were approved by Kumâra_g_îva. This Kumâra_g_îva marks a new period of great activity in the translation of Buddhist texts. He is said to have come from Ku-tsi, in Tibet, where the Emperor Yâo-hsing (397-415) sent for him. Among his translations are mentioned the Wei-ma or Vima-la-kîrtti-sûtra (Beal’s “Catalogue,” p. 17); the Saddharma-pu_nd_arîka (Beal’s “Catalogue,” p. 15); the Satyasiddha-vyâkara_n_a _s_âstra (Beal’s “Catalogue,” p. 80). He was a contemporary of the great traveller, Fa-hian, who went from _Kh_ang-an to India, travelled through more than thirty states, and came back to Nanking in 414, to find the Emperor Yâo-hsing overturned by the Eastern Tsin dynasty. He was accompanied by the Indian contemplationist, Buddha-bhadra.(96) Buddhabhadra translated the Fa-yan-king, the Buddhâvata_m_saka-vaipulya-sûtra (Beal’s “Catalogue,” p. 9), and he and Fa-hian together, the Mo-ho-sang-_k_i-liu—_i. e._ the Vinaya of the Mahâsaṅghika school (Beal, “Catalogue,” p. 68). Another Shâman who travelled to India about the same time was _K_i-mang, of Hsin-fang, a district city of Kâo-_kh_ang. In 419, in the period Yüan-hsi, he went as far as Pâ_t_ali-putra, where he obtained the Nirva_n_a-sûtra, and the Saṅghika, a book of discipline.(97) After his return to Kâo-_kh_ang he translated the Nirvâ_n_a-sûtra in twenty sections.