Cholera and the Water Supply in the South Districts of London in 1854Snow, John
History
Cholera and the Water Supply in the South Districts of London in 1854
Snow, John
Cholera -- England -- London -- Epidemiology; Water-supply -- England -- London
The results of my inquiry into the supply of water were, of course,
obtained separately for each district and subdistrict in which the
inquiry was made, and were so published; but I was unable at the time to
show the relation between the supply of houses in which fatal attacks
took place, and the entire supply of each district and subdistrict, on
account of the latter circumstance not being known. I expressed myself
as follows in an article which I published soon after my inquiry was
made: “I hope shortly to learn the number of houses in each subdistrict
supplied by each of the water companies respectively, when the effect of
the impure water in propagating cholera will be shown in a very striking
manner, and with great detail.”[5] This information did not, however,
come within my reach till recently, and not even then with all the
accuracy I could desire. In the Report on the Cholera Epidemics of
London as affected by the Consumption of Impure Water, lately written by
Mr. Simon, and published by the General Board of Health, there is a
statement of the number of houses supplied by each of the water
companies respectively in each district and subdistrict. The line has
not been very accurately drawn where a street, as often happens, is
partly in one district and partly in another; and thus, in the recent
Report, the subdistricts of St. Saviour’s, Southwark, Leather Market,
Bermondsey, Battersea, and Peckham, have been represented to contain a
few houses supplied by the Lambeth Company, although they do not contain
any. With regard to Bermondsey, it is stated in a foot note that some
ends of streets may have been included which have passed the
registration boundary, and this has happened in other cases; but the
errors arising from this cause are limited in amount, and cannot much
affect the statistical calculations that I have made. There is also a
further imperfection in the account of the water supply of the
subdistricts. The numbers which are stated to represent the houses
supplied by each water company in each subdistrict are found on adding
up the tables not to do so, but to represent the number of houses, minus
those situated in streets in which no death occurred; the latter being
placed all together at the end of each group of subdistricts which
constitutes a district. Streets vary in size from one or two houses to
two or three hundred, and the small streets would obviously be the most
likely to be exempt from mortality; it could, therefore, do little good
to distinguish such streets; however, if thought desirable, this could
as well have been done by simply stating the number of the houses,
without deducting them from the gross number in each subdistrict. The
number of houses in these exempted streets is about one-ninth of the
whole. Instead of being able to compare, as I could wish, the mortality
in the houses supplied by each company with the exact number of houses
supplied, I have only been able to compare it with the number of houses
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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