Christian Hymns of the First Three CenturiesMessenger, Ruth Ellis
Religion
Christian Hymns of the First Three Centuries
Messenger, Ruth Ellis
Hymns -- History and criticism
The _Apostolic Constitutions_ is a manual in eight books, of
ecclesiastical discipline, doctrine and worship, including the
_Didache_.[25] Dating from the fourth or fifth century, more probably the
fourth, it represents the practice of an earlier period well within the
scope of this study and, in the opinion of Brightman, was compiled in
Antioch or its neighborhood.[26] Since Greek was the prevailing language
in the Christian world of that day, it became the liturgical language of
early Christianity for the first three centuries. Even in Rome and other
large cities of Italy, Greek was used. In Italy, with these exceptions
and in the western provinces, Latin was employed, finally superseding
Greek as the official language of the Western Church.[27]
The following hymns appear in the seventh book of the Apostolic
Constitutions:
A morning hymn, {Doxa en hypsistois theo}, _Gloria in excelsis_,
Glory to God in the highest;[28]
an evening hymn, {Aineite paides},
Ye children praise the Lord,[29]
which includes {Soi prepei ainos}, _Te decet laus_,
Praise becomes Thee,
and {Nyn apolyeis ton doulon sou}, _Nunc dimittis_,
Now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace;
and a prayer at dinner, {Eulogetos ei},
Thou art blessed, O Lord, who nourishest me from my youth.[30]
In the eighth book of the _Apostolic Constitutions_ and also in the
_Liturgy of St. James_ we have the _Tersanctus_, {Hagios, hagios,
hagios},
Holy, holy, holy.
In another part of the same _Liturgy_ the _Trisagion_ appears, {Ho
trisagios hymnos,},
Holy God, holy mighty, holy immortal,
Have mercy upon us.[31]
An evening hymn, {Phos hilaron}, Joyful light, is mentioned by Basil in
the fourth century as very old. It was sung at vespers in the Eastern
Church:[32]
O gladsome light, O grace
Of God the Father's face.[33]
Among ancient liturgical hymns the _Te deum_ should be mentioned. It is
attributed to Nicetas, Bishop of Remesiana in Dacia, and dated from the
end of the fourth century. It appears to be a combination of three
distinct parts. The first thirteen verses, or parts one and two, probably
originated earlier than the fourth century and may have been inspired by
Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, 200-258, who wrote in terms almost identical
with the phrases of this early section, used of prophets, apostles and
martyrs.[34]
Biblical sources, especially the canticles, now appear as liturgical
hymns, either in their original form or in an enlarged version.[35] The
use of canticles, more particularly in their variations, is of supreme
interest to the hymnologist, because it offers a theory of the origin of
Christian hymnody apart from liturgical interpolations or from the
psalms. Clement of Rome urged the Corinthians to unite in the spirit of
praise as expressed in the seraphic chorus of Isaiah's vision,
Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of Hosts:
the whole earth is full of his glory,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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