These two views of the Divine dispensations towards man were first arrayed in actual hostility at the Synod of Dort in 1618, where the doctrines of James Arminius, professor of divinity in the University of Leyden, who had followed the opinions of Luther and Melancthon, were condemned, and those of the Calvinistic church of Geneva affirmed. From that time the various sects of the reformed church have generally been known as Arminian or Calvinistic, according as they embraced the peculiar tenets of either party on the subject of man’s salvation: I shall therefore thus distinguish the two classes into which I propose to arrange them, though they may not follow out either in the whole of their opinions. I. ARMINIAN. 1. Quakers. 2. Socinians and Unitarians. 3. Wesleyan Methodists. 4. General Baptists, Moravians, Swedenborgians, Plymouth Brethren. II. CALVINISTIC. 1. Presbyterians, Independents. 2. Particular Baptists, Sub and Supralapsarians, Sandemanians. 3. Calvinistic Methodists. Evangelical or Low Church. [Picture: Decorative graphic] LETTER II. QUAKERS. The sect which I have placed first upon my list, arose about the middle of the seventeenth century, when a number of individuals withdrew from the communion of every _visible_ church “to seek,” {14} as they expressed it, “the Lord, in retirement:” and George Fox, their leader, or as they termed him, their “honourable elder,” went about preaching their opinions in fairs and markets, in courts of justice, and steeple houses, i.e. churches. He denounced the state worship as “superstitious,” and warned all to obey the Holy Spirit, speaking by him. He was in consequence brought before two justices of the peace in Derbyshire in 1650, one of whom, Mr. Bennet, called Fox, and his hearers “Quakers,” in derision of their frequent admonitions to “_tremble_ at the Word of God;” and this appellation soon became general, though they themselves took then, and still preserve, the title of “the Society of Friends.”