Christianity and Ethics: A Handbook of Christian EthicsAlexander, Archibald B. D. (Archibald Browning Drysdale)
Religion
Christianity and Ethics: A Handbook of Christian Ethics
Alexander, Archibald B. D. (Archibald Browning Drysdale)
Christian ethics
But the decisions of life do not cease with the choice of a calling.
At every moment of our career fresh difficulties arise, and new
opportunities open up which demand careful thought. Our first
obligation is to meet faithfully the claims of our station. But in the
complexity of life we are {201} being constantly brought into wider
relations with our fellow-men, which either modify the old, or create
entirely new situations. While the rule is to do the duty that lies
nearest us, to obey the call of God at each moment, it needs no little
wisdom to discern one's immediate duty, and to know what the will of
God actually is.
2. _Conflict of Duties_.--In the sphere of duty itself a three-fold
distinction, having the imprimatur of the Romish Church, has been made
by some moralists: (1) the problem of colliding interests; (2)
'counsels of perfection'; and (3) indifferent acts or 'Adiaphora,'
actions which, being neither commanded nor forbidden, fall outwith the
domain of Christian obligation. It will not be necessary to discuss at
length these questions. The Gospel lends no support to such
distinctions, and as Schleiermacher points out they ought to have no
place in Protestant Ethics.[3]
(1) With regard to the 'conflict of duties,' when the collision is
really, as it often is, a struggle between inclination and duty, the
question answers itself. There are, of course, cases in which
perplexity must occur to an honest man. But the difficulty cannot be
decided by drawing up a list of axiomatic precepts to fit all
conceivable cases. In the dilemma, for example, between
self-preservation and self-sacrifice which may present itself in some
tragic experience of life, a host of considerations relative to the
individual's history and relationships enter in to modify the
situation, and the course to be taken can be _finally_ determined by a
man's _own_ conscience alone. Ultimately there can be no collision of
duties as such. Once a man recognises a certain mode of conduct to be
right for him there is really no choice. In judgment he may err;
passion or desire may obscure the issue; but once he has determined
what he ought to do there is no alternative, 'er kann nicht anders.'
(2) Again, it is a complete misapprehension of the nature of duty to
distinguish between the irreducible minimum and acts of supererogatory
goodness which outrun duty. {202} Goodness is one, and admits of no
degrees. All duty is absolute. An overplus is unthinkable, since no
man can do more than his duty. A Christian can only do what he
recognises as his obligation, and this he ought to fulfil at every
moment and with all his might. Love, which is the Christian's only
law, knows no limit. Even when we have done our utmost we are still
unprofitable servants.
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