(4.) _Ahmed ibn Mohammed Al Makkari_. "History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain," being an extract from a larger work by that author, translated by Pascual de Gayangos. 2 vols. London, 1840. This work, which Dozy finds fault with for certain inaccuracies, is on the whole very trustworthy, and its notes form a perfect mine of information for the student wandering helplessly among the mazes of Arab history. Al Makkari, a native of Africa, flourished at the beginning of the seventeenth century; but he quotes from many old Arabic writers, whose evidence is most valuable. Among these are-- [Greek: a.] _Abu Bekr Mohammed ibn Omar, Ibn al Kuttiyah_, descended from the grand-daughter of Witiza; died, 877. [Greek: b.] _Ahmed ibn Mohammed ibn Musa Arrazi_, flourished in the reign of Abdurrahman III. [Greek: g.] _Ibn Ghalib Temam ibn Ghalib_, of Cordova; died, 1044. [Greek: d.] _Abu Mohammed Ali ibn Ahmed ibn Said ibn Hazm_, born at Cordova, 994; died, 1064. [Greek: e.] _Abu Merwan Hayyan ibn Khalf ibn Huseyn ibn Hayyan,_ born at Cordova, 1006. [Greek: z.] _Abul Kasim Khalf ibn Abdilmalik ibn Mesud ibn Musa Al Anssari_, Cordova, 1101-1183. [Greek: ê.] _Abul hasan Ali ibn Musa ibn Mohammed ibn Abdalmalik ibn Said_ of Granada, 1214-1286. [Greek: th.] _Abu Zeyd Abdurrahman ibn Mohammed ibn Khaldun. Ishbili,_ born at Tunis, 1332; died, 1406. B. Christian (in Latin). These are to be found in-- (1.) _Schott's_ "Hispania Illustrata," 3 vols. Frankfort, 1603. (2.) _Florez,_ "España Sagrada," 26 vols., containing a most useful collection of Spanish writers, together with much information about them, written in Spanish. (3.) _Migne's_ "Patrologia," Latin and Greek, a most invaluable collection in several score volumes. The following is a list of those consulted:-- ([Greek: a].) _Isidore of Beja_, "Epitome Imperatorum vel Arabum Ephemerides atque Hispaniae Chronographia," being a continuation of the Chronicle of Isidore of Seville. Sidenote: Migne, xcvi pp.1246-1280. ([Greek: b].) Chronicon _Sebastiani_, "Salmanticensis Episcopi," 866. (Conde, Pref., p. 7, says 672-886.) Sidenote: _Ibid._, cxxix. pp. 1111-1124. ([Greek: g].) Chronicon _Albeldense_, 866-976. (Conde, _ibid._, says to 973.) This is also called Chronicon Emilianense. It was perhaps begun by Dulcidius, Bishop of Salamanca, and carried on by the monk Vigila. Sidenote: _Ibid._ 1146. ([Greek: d].) Chronicon _Sampiri_ "Asturicensis Episcopi" (written about 1000), 869-982. Sidenote: Florez, "Esp. Sagr.," xiv. 438-457. ([Greek: e].) _Chronicon regum Legionensium_, 982-1109, by Pelagius, Bishop of Oviedo--a very doubtful authority, and branded with the epithet "fabulosus." Sidenote: _Ibid._, pp. 466-475. ([Greek: z].) Chronicon _Silensis_ Monachi, written _circa_ 1100. Sidenote: _Ibid._, xvii. 270-330. ([Greek: ê].) _Lucas of Tuy_, "Chronicon Mundi," written _circa_ 1236. Sidenote: Schott, iv. 1-116.