([Greek: th].) _Alfonso_, Bishop of Burgos, "Anacephalaiosis rerum Hispanarum," etc. Sidenote: _Ibid._, i. 246-291. ([Greek: i].) _Luitprand_, died 972. The Chronicon and Adversaria attributed to him are by a later hand, and extend over the years 606-960. The author of these is generally called the Pseudo-Luitprand, and very little credit can be placed in his statements. Sidenote: Migne, cxxxvi. pp. 770-1179. ([Greek: k].) _Rodrigo_, Archbishop of Toledo, "History of the Arabs from Christian and Arabic Sources, carried down to 1140." He died in 1245. The work is full of irrelevant references to Scripture and to profane history. He does not even mention the Christian martyrdoms in the ninth century. Sidenote: Schott, "Hisp. Illustr.," i. pp. 121-246 ([Greek: l].) _Annales Bertiniani_, from the French point of view. Sidenote: Florez, x. 570-579. ([Greek: m].) _Johannes Vasaeus_, "Hispaniae Chronicon." Sidenote: Schott, i. 700 ff. The above writers must not be regarded as of equal value. Some are valuable, but all are meagre to the last degree; others are nearly worthless. Other authorities there are of a different kind--not historians, but writers on incidental subjects, whose works throw great light on the history of the time. Among these are-- (_a._) _Elipandus_, Bishop of Toledo; died 810. Letters-- Sidenote: Migne, xcvi. to Migetius. Sidenote: pp. 859-867. to Charles the Great. Sidenote: pp. 867-869. to Albinus (Alcuin). Sidenote: pp. 870-882. to Fidelis, an abbot (783). Sidenote: pp. 918,919. (_b_.) _Felix_, Bishop of Urgel; died 816. Confessio fidei (799). Sidenote: Migne, xcvi. pp. 882-888. (_c_.) _Beatus_, Priest of Libana (or Astorga). Letter to Elipandus. Sidenote: " 894-1030. (_d_.) _Letters of Spanish Bishops_ to Bishops of Gaul. Sidenote: _Ibid._, ci. 1321-1331. (_e_.) _Alcuin_. Letters-- Sidenote: _Ibid._, c. and ci. Ad Felicem haereticum (793). Ad Elipandum. Ad Carolum Magnum (800), sending his work against Felix. Epistle XC. (800), Epistle CXIII. (800). Ad Aquilam Pontificem (800). Books-- Adversus Felicis haeresin ad abbates et monachos. Gothiae missus (libellus), vii. books. Adversus Elipandum, iv. books. Epistola ad Leidradum et Nefridium Episcopum. Altera ad eosdem. (_f._) _Adrian_, Pope. Sidenote: _Ibid._, xcviii. p. 373. Epistola Episcopis per universam Spaniam commorantibus directa, maxime tamen Elipando, vel Ascarico (785). Ad Egilam Episcopum (in Spania) seu Johannem presbyterum (782). Sidenote: _Ibid._, p. 336. Ad Carolum Magnum. Epistle lxiv. (_g_.) Letter from _Louis the Débonnaire_ to the Christians of Merida (826). Sidenote: Florez, xiii. 416. (_h_.) _Etdogius_, priest of Cordova, and bishop-designate of Toledo. Died 859. Sidenote: Migne, cxv. 703-966. Letter to Alvar, sending his book.