In conclusion, I have to acknowledge the kind help which I have received in my researches from Monsignor Rodolfo Maiocchi, Rector of the Borromeo College at Pavia, from Signor O. F. Tencajoli, and from the keepers of English and foreign archives, among whom I must especially name Signor Achille Giussani, of the Archivio di Stato at Milan, Monsieur Gaillard, Director of the Brussels Archives, and Mr. Hubert Hall. My sincere thanks are due to Count Antonio Cavagna Sangiuliani for giving me permission to make use of manuscripts in his library at Zelada; to Monsieur Leon Cardon for leave to reproduce four of the Habsburg portraits in his fine collection at Brussels; and to Mr. Henry Oppenheimer for allowing me to publish his beautiful and unique medal of the Duchess of Milan. I must also thank Sir Kenneth Mackenzie and the Trustees of the Advocates' Library for permission to print a selection from the Balcarres Manuscripts, and Mr. Campbell Dodgson and Mr. G. F. Hill for the kindness with which they have placed the treasures of the British Museum at my disposal. Lastly, a debt of gratitude, which I can never sufficiently express, is due to Dr. Hagberg-Wright and the staff of the London Library for the invaluable help which they have given me in this, as in all my other works. JULIA CARTWRIGHT. OCKHAM, _Midsummer Day, 1913_. CONTENTS BOOK I PAGE ISABELLA OF AUSTRIA, QUEEN OF DENMARK, THE MOTHER OF CHRISTINA: 1507-1514 1 BOOK II CHRISTIAN II., KING OF DENMARK, THE FATHER OF CHRISTINA: 1513-1523 17 BOOK III KINGS IN EXILE: 1523-1531 36 BOOK IV CHRISTINA, DUCHESS OF MILAN: 1533-1535 71 BOOK V THE WIDOW OF MILAN: 1535-1538 111 BOOK VI THE COURTSHIP OF HENRY VIII.: 1537-1539 144 BOOK VII CLEVES, ORANGE, AND LORRAINE: 1539-1541 207 BOOK VIII CHRISTINA, DUCHESS OF LORRAINE: 1541-1545 256 BOOK IX CHRISTINA, REGENT OF LORRAINE: 1545-1552 298 BOOK X THE FRENCH INVASION: 1551-1553 354 BOOK XI CHRISTINA AT BRUSSELS: 1553-1559 382 BOOK XII THE PEACE OF CÂTEAU-CAMBRÉSIS: 1557-1559 419 BOOK XIII THE RETURN TO LORRAINE: 1559-1578 450 BOOK XIV THE LADY OF TORTONA: 1578-1590 496 APPENDIX: A SELECTION OF UNPUBLISHED DOCUMENTS 516 BIBLIOGRAPHY 528