Chester plays, 128, 133-4 Chesterton, Mr. G. K., 85-6 Childermas, 315 Children's festivals, 205-7, 218-20, 223-4, 359-60 China, New Year in, 324 Chios, Christmas _rhamna_ in, 270 Christkind as gift-bringer, 205, 230, 277-8 Christmas, pagan and Christian elements in, 18-28, 161-86, 357-60; names of, 20-5; establishment of, 20-2; |393| its connection with earlier festivals, 20-8; becomes humanized, 25-7, 34-8; in poetry, 31-86; liturgical aspects of, 89-101; in popular devotion, 104-18; in drama, 121-54; its human appeal, 155-7, 357-60; attracts customs from other festivals, 173, 226, 277-8, 284; decorations, 178, 272-6; feasting, 178-80, 283-91; presents, 276-9; masking customs, 297-308; log, _see_ Yule Log Christmas Eve, 229-38; superstitions about the supernatural, 233-7; log customs, 251-8; fish supper on, 286-7 Christmas-tree, 168, 178, 263-72; its origin, 267-72 Christpuppe, 231 Chrysostom, 269 Church, Dean, 34 Circumcision, Feast of, 101, 302. _See also_ New Year's Day Clement, St., his Day, 211-2 Cleobury Mortimer, curfew at, 258 Clermont, shepherd play at, 141 Coffin, Charles, 64 Communion, sacrificial, 174-8 "Comte d'Alsinoys," 56, 58-9 Cornwall, Hallowe'en custom in, 196; blackbird pie in, 293; Childermas in, 315 Coventry plays, 128, 130-1, 138 Cradle-rocking, 108-11 Crashaw, 79-81 Crib, Christmas, 105-8, 113-8; possible survivals in England, 118, 274 Crimmitschau, 112 Crivoscian customs, 231, 253-4, 276, 346-7 Croatia, St. Andrew's Eve in, 215; Christmas log customs in, 251 _Cronia_, 166 Dalmatia, Yule log customs in, 252 Dancing, 47-8, 293-4, 298-300, 302 Daniel, Jean, 56, 58 Dannhauer, J. K., 265 Dasius, St., 167 Dead, feasts of the, 173, 180-1, 189-95, 235-6, 240, 253-4, 341 Decorations, evergreen, 168, 178, 350, 355 Denisot, Nicholas, 56, 58-9 Denmark, "star-singing" in, 151; animal masks in, 202; Martinmas goose in, 203; St. Lucia's Eve in, 223; St. Thomas's Day in, 223-4; Christmas Eve superstitions in, 235-6; Yule candles in, 259-60; Christmas-tree in, 267; pig's head eaten in, 286; Yule-bishop in, 308 Derbyshire, "kissing-bunch" in, 274; Plough Monday in, 352 Devil, and beast masks, 202; and flax, 240 Devon, "Yeth hounds" in, 240; "ashton faggot" in, 258; wassailing fruit-trees in, 345 Dew, Christmas, 288-9 Dickens, Charles, 359 Dinan, Herod play at, 141 Dionysus, as child-god, 21; winter festivals of, 169, 331 Dorstone, Hallowe'en at, 197 Drama, Christmas, in Latin, 121-7; in English, 128-38; in French, 128, 138-43; in Spanish, 128, 148-50; in German, 143-6; in Italian, 147-8, 150; survivals of, 150-4; St. Nicholas plays, 220, 232; pagan folk-drama, 298-302 Drinking customs, 36, 204, 285-6, 314-5, 327 Druids and mistletoe, 273 Duchesne, Monsignor, 20, 24 Durham, Candlemas at, 353-4