Lullabies, 51, 67-9, 83-4, 109-10 Luther, Martin, 70-3, 265 Lyme Regis, Candlemas at, 354 Macedonia, Christmas Eve in, 217; New Year's Eve in, 226, 330, 332; _Kallikantzaroi_ in, 245; folk-play in, 300; Epiphany in, 344 Macee, Claude, 141 Madrid, 97-8, 153, 343 Magi in drama, 125-6, 128-9, 151-3; as present-bringers, 343 Magic, 163 Man, Isle of, carol-singing in, 99; _Hollantide_ in, 189, 198, 321; |397| _Fynnodderee_ in, 246; "hunting of the wren" in, 292-3 _Mana_, 176-7 Mannhardt, W., 252-3, 313-4 Marguerite of Navarre, 141 Marseilles, "pastorals" at, 141 Martin of Braga, 272 Martin I., Pope, 203 Martinengo-Cesaresco, Countess, 106, 112, 142 Martinmas, an old winter festival, 173, 182, 200, 202-3; its feasting customs, 202-4; its bonfires, 204-5; St. Martin as gift-bringer, and his relation to St. Nicholas, 205-8, 218-9, 277-8 Masking customs, 169-71, 175-6, 199-202, 206, 219, 230-2, 245, 297-302, 304-305, 352 Mass, Midnight, 94-9; the three Christmas Masses, 94-6 Mechlin, Martinmas at, 206 Mellitus, Abbot, 179 Mexico, Christmas drama in, 154 Michaelmas, 173 Milan, Epiphany play at, 147-8 Milton, 82 Mince-pies, 284 Minnesingers, 36 "Misterio de los Reyes Magos," 128 Mistletoe, 272-4, 276 Mistral, Frederic, 255 Mithra, 23 _Modranicht_, 181 Monasticism and Christmas, 34-5 Mont-St.-Michel, Epiphany king at, 340 Montenegro, Christmas log customs in, 252 Morgan, Lady, 114-5 Morris, William, 85 Morris-dancers, 299-301 Mouthe, "De fructu" at, 288 Mummers' plays, 297-302 Munich, Bavarian National Museum at, 107-8; Christmas-tree at, 267; St. Stephen's Day at, 312 Murillo, 65 Mythology, in relation to ritual, 164-5, 176 Naogeorgus, 111, 217, 353 Naples, _zampognari_ at, 112; _presepio_ at, 113-4; Christmas plays at, 150; Epiphany at, 343 _Natalis Invicti_, 23-4, 165 New Year's Day, in Roman Empire, 24, 167-71, 276-7; opposed in character to Christmas, 25-6; Teutonic and Celtic, 25, 171-3, 189, 202-4; Slav, 173; January 1 made a fast, 101, 170-1; customs attracted to January 1, 173, 189, 200, 321; fire not given out, 170-1, 257-8; charms, omens, and other customs, 182, 321-34; presents, 168-71, 276-7; mistletoe connected with, 276 Nicea, Council of, 22 Nicholas, St., his Day related to Martinmas, 173, 207-8, 277-8; as patron of boys, 218, 220, of sailors, 218, 221; his festival, 218-21; on Christmas Eve, 229-32 _Noel_, origin of the name, 22; the French carol, 55-65 Normandy, "star-singing" in, 151; Innocents' Day in, 316; Epiphany in, 349-50 Northamptonshire, St. Catherine's and St. Andrew's Days in, 213-4; Dyzemas in, 315 Northumberland, holly in, 275 Norway, Christmas established in, 21; "star-singing" in, 151; pre-Christian Yule festival in, 172; animal masks in, 202; Christmas Eve superstitions in, 235-6; Yule candles in, 259-60