Chronicles of Newgate, Vol. 1: From the twelfth to the eighteenth century — John Shaqi
Chronicles of Newgate, Vol. 1: From the twelfth to the eighteenth centuryGriffiths, Arthur
History
Chronicles of Newgate, Vol. 1: From the twelfth to the eighteenth century
Griffiths, Arthur
Criminals -- Great Britain; Newgate (Prison : London, England); Prisons -- England; Punishment -- Great Britain
Instances of more serious crimes are recorded. In March, 1528, Stephen
reports to Thomas Cromwell that between the hours of six and seven,
"five thieves knocked at the door of Roderigo the Spaniard, which
dwelleth next the goldsmith against your door.[44:1] Being asked who
was there, they answered, 'one from the court, to speak with Roderigo.'
When the door was opened three of them rushed in and found the said
Roderigo sitting by the fire with a poor woman dwelling next to Mrs.
Wynsor. Two tarried and kept the door, and strangled the poor woman
that she should not cry. They then took Roderigo's purse, and killed
him by stabbing him in the belly, but had not fled far before two of
them were taken and brought to Newgate."
Debtors were too small fry to be often referred to in the chronicles
of the times. Now and again they are mentioned as fitting objects
for charity, royal and private. In the king's book of payments is
the following entry, under date May, 1515: "Master Almoner redeeming
prisoners in Newgate, Ludgate, and the Compter, £20." The State Papers,
1581, contain a commission to the lord mayor, recorder, and sheriffs
of London, and many others, all charitable folk, and some sixty in
numbers, to compound with the creditors of poor debtors, at that time
prisoners in Newgate, Ludgate, and the two Compters of the city.
Although debtors in gaol who volunteered for service on shipboard were
discharged by proclamation from the demands of their creditors, as a
general rule committal to Newgate on account of monetary mismanagement
appears to have been more easily compassed than subsequent release.
The same volume of State Papers contains a petition from Richard Case
to Lord Burghley, to the effect that he had been committed to Newgate
"upon the unjust complaint of Mr. Benedict Spinola, relative to the
lease of certain lands and tenements in London." The petitioner further
"desires to be discharged from prison, and to have the queen's pardon,"
but there is no allusion to his enlargement.[45:1] The impolicy of
confining debtors was not to be fully realized till three more
centuries had passed away. But as early as 1700 a pamphlet preserved in
the "Harleian Miscellany," and entitled "Labour in Vain," anticipates
modern feeling and modern legislation. The writer protests against
the imprisonment of debtors, which he compares to shutting up a cow
from herbage when she gives no milk. "In England we confine people to
starve, contrary to humanity, mercy, or policy. One may as reasonably
expect his dog," he says, "when chained to a post should catch a hare,
as that poor debtors when in gaol should get wherewithal to pay their
debts."
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