John St. John Long 193 Joshua Ward 209 Horace Wells 250 Sir James Young Simpson, M.D. 253 Friedrich Wöhler 258 August Kekulé 262 A. W. von Hofmann 264 Alchemical symbols 308, 309, 310 ERRATA VOL. II Page 31. _Ninth line from top, for_ Clestis _read_ Celestis. „ 46. _Bottom line, additional reference_: Vol. I., 124. „ 166. _Seventh line from bottom, for_ Magnetic _read_ Metallic. ERRATUM. The acknowledgment at the foot of page 308, of the source of the symbols illustrated on that page, is incorrect. The symbols in question are reproduced from Mr. C. J. S. Thompson’s book, _The Mystery and Romance of Alchemy and Pharmacy_, published by the Scientific Press, Ltd. CHRONICLES OF PHARMACY XV ANIMALS IN PHARMACY Their next business is, from herbs, minerals, gums, oils, shells, salts, juices, sea-weed, excrements, barks of trees, serpents, toads, frogs, spiders, dead men’s flesh and bones, birds, beasts, and fishes, to form a composition for smell and taste the most abominable, nauseous, and detestable they can possibly contrive.--SWIFT, _A Voyage to the Houyhnhms_, Chap. VI. ANIMAL SUBSTANCES IN PHARMACY. The inclination to find medicinal virtues in parts of animals is not altogether unreasonable in its origin. Savages eat the hearts of lions and tigers to acquire some of the courage and fierceness of those beasts; and a similar instinct would suggest various organs of animals for use in medicine. The employment of foxes’ lungs in asthmatic and bronchial complaints, for example, seems a most natural remedy to try, and as the lohoch, in which form these lungs were generally administered, was made up with other demulcents, it is not surprising that it should have been often found efficacious. In this section illustrations of the extravagant extent to which faith in medicines of this character has been carried will be given. OFFICIALLY RECOGNISED ANIMAL MEDICINES.