Church and Nation: The Bishop Paddock Lectures for 1914-15Temple, William
Religion
Church and Nation: The Bishop Paddock Lectures for 1914-15
Temple, William
Church and state
Above all, men feel the denial of their personality in the organisation
of industry itself. Men have fought and died for political liberty,
which means the right to have a voice in making the laws by which you
are to be governed. But the laws of the State do not for the most part
invade a man’s home, whereas the regulations of an industrial firm do.
They determine when he shall get up in the morning and when he shall go
to bed; they determine whether he shall have any leisure for the pursuit
of any interest of his own. In the making of those regulations he has,
as a rule, no voice whatever, and no opportunity of making his views
understood except by threat, the threat of a strike. The men feel that
they are what they are sometimes called, "hands" not persons. They are
the tools of other men. You must apply all this to your own country, if
and so far as it does apply. But one might easily imagine a village in
Lancashire, or any other industrial district where all the inhabitants
are dependent upon one industry; there are many such; and the control of
that industry may be in the hands of a Board of Directors, settled
perhaps in London; it may only meet a few times a year for the
transaction of business, and otherwise not exist at all. They never see
the people whose lives and destinies they thus control. The shareholders
who want their dividends make no enquiries as a rule about the
conditions in which the work is done. If that Board of Directors
mismanages its business the village in Lancashire goes hungry. If that
Board of Directors, when they have already got a full supply of work,
takes on another large contract, that village in Lancashire works
overtime; and the people have no say in the matter. Whatever else that
is, it is not liberty, and in the judgment of the people themselves it
is not justice. And indeed it is not either justice or liberty as we
have learned in other spheres to understand those terms. The economic
organisation of life comes far closer to the individual citizen than the
political organisation, and the development of justice remains
incomplete until it has secured liberty of an economic as well as a
political kind.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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