greatest dogmatic work is his commentary in 2 vols. fol. on the Lombard. His able treatise, _De reductione artium ad theologiam_, shows how theology holds the highest place among all the sciences. In his _Breviloquium_ he seeks briefly but with great expenditure of learning to prove that the church doctrine is in accordance with the teachings of reason. In the _Centiloquium_, consisting of 100 sections, he treats summarily of the doctrines of Sin, Grace, and Salvation. In the _Pharetra_ he gives a collection of the chief authorities for the conclusions reached in the two previously named works. The most celebrated of his mystical treatises are the _Diætæ salutis_, describing the nine days’ journey (_diætæ_) in which the soul passes from the abyss of sin to the blessedness of heaven, and the _Itinerarium mentis in Deum_, in which he describes as a threefold way to the knowledge of God a _theologia symbolica_ (=_extra nos_), _propria_ (=_intra nos_) and _mystica_ (=_supra nos_), the last and highest of which alone leads to the beatific vision of God. § 103.5. =Distinguished Dominican Schoolmen.=--(1) =Albert the Great=, the oldest son of a knight of Bollstadt, born in A.D. 1193, at Laningen in Swabia, sent in A.D. 1212, because too weak for a military career, to the University of Padua, where he devoted himself for ten years to the diligent study of Aristotle, entered then the Dominican order, and at Bologna pursued with equal diligence the study of theology in a six years’ course. He afterwards taught the regular curriculum of the liberal arts at Cologne and in the cloisters of his order in other German cities; and after taking his doctor’s degree at Paris, he taught theology at Cologne with such success that the Cologne school, owing to the crowds attracted to his lectures, grew to the dimensions of a university. In A.D. 1254 he became provincial of his order in Germany, was compelled in A.D. 1260 by papal command to accept the bishopric of Regensburg, but returned to Cologne in A.D. 1262 to resume teaching, and died there in A.D. 1280, in his 87th year. His amazing acquirements in philosophical, theological, cabalistic, and natural science won for him the surname of the Great, and the title of _doctor universalis_. Since the time of Aristotle and Theophrastus there had been no investigator in natural science like him. Traces of mysticism may be discovered in his treatise _Paradisus animæ_, and in his commentary on the Areopagite. Indeed from his school proceeded the greatest master of speculative mysticism (§ 114, 1). His chief work in natural science is the _Summa de Creaturis_, the fantastic and superstitious character of which may be seen from the titles of its several books: _De virtutibus herbarum, lapidum, et animalium_, _De mirabilibus mundi_, and _De secretis mulierum_. He wrote three books of commentaries on the Lombard, and