In whatever manner the election may be carried out, the two Churchwardens subsequently stand on an absolute equality. The Incumbent's Churchwarden is not elected to look after the Incumbent's interests only, nor the parishioners' Churchwarden to look after the parishioners' interests only. The interests of both must be equally dear to the one and to the other. Nor can they act except jointly. The Vestry even is powerless to clothe one Churchwarden with authority to act against the will of his colleague in office. {9b} Any election by the parishioners must take place in the usual manner. Ratepayers present, whether paying directly or indirectly (32 and 33 Vic., c. 41, section 19), have a right to vote, and if a poll is demanded it cannot be refused by the Chairman. The votes must be taken in accordance with the provisions of the Vestry Acts, 58 Geo. III, cap. 69, sec. 2, 3, 4, and 59 Geo. III, cap. 85. If the votes are equal the Chairman has by right a casting vote, in addition to whatever number of votes he may have as an individual ratepayer. By 58 Geo. III, cap. 69, sec. 3, it is ordered that minutes of the proceedings shall be written out before the close of the Vestry, and after having been read be signed by the Chairman and any of the members present who may like to do so. {10a} In some new parishes there are select Vestries, but by the 14 and 15 Vict., cap. 97, sec. 23, in parishes formed under any Church Building Acts before 1851 they are abolished, and it was enacted that after that date no select Vestry should be formed. {10b} The Churchwardens thus duly appointed must make the following declaration before the "ordinary, or other person" qualified to receive it:-- "We do solemnly and sincerely declare that we will faithfully and diligently perform the duties of the Office of Churchwardens, to the best of our skill and understanding, and that we will present such persons and things as to our knowledge are presentable by the Ecclesiastical Laws of this Realm." This declaration ought to be made at the visitation of the Bishop, Chancellor, or Archdeacon next ensuing upon the election. Until this declaration is made the Churchwarden is not legally qualified to act, and could not enforce his authority as Churchwarden if objected to. In case of the death of the Incumbent the parish would have no legal representative to act as the custodian of the temporalities of the Church in that particular parish. The fee payable by law at visitations is eighteen shillings (30 and 31 Vict., cap. 135). {11}