individual liberty and happiness and enjoyment of human freedom. It is a concept which sets the state (a political entity created by men) and the welfare of the state above what the Americans of ’76 and ’87 knew and proclaimed to be superior to all human creations, namely, the individual man, the noblest creation of the Divine Creator. In other words, the common concept of the Bolshevik Russian and the new Amendment American is but the reaction to the century-old concept whose repudiation was the main theme of the Declaration of Independence, the concept that individual men, the creation of God, are made for kings or governments or political entities. To those who hold such a concept there comes no shock when they are asked to imagine that the language of the Fifth Article implies a grant of ability to the state governments to do what those governments will with the liberties of the citizens of America. But we are sitting in “conventions” of Americans of a different type, Americans who, eleven years earlier, have repudiated forever the concept that men are made for kings or governments or political entities. And, if we wish to know what the Americans in these conventions think of the concept of the Bolshevik Russian and the Eighteenth Amendment American, we get our wish from the man who wrote the language of the Fifth Article. “We have heard of the impious doctrine in the Old World,” the reactionary doctrine of modern Russia and of our own aggressive minority, manifested in two different disguises, “that the people were made for kings, not kings for the people. Is the same doctrine to be revived in the New, in another shape--that the solid happiness of the people is to be sacrificed to the views of political institutions of a different form?... As far as the sovereignty of the states can not be reconciled to the happiness of the people, the voice of every good citizen must be, Let the former be sacrificed to the latter. How far the sacrifice is necessary, has been shown. How far the unsacrificed residue will be endangered, is the question before us.” This is the language of Madison, in _The Federalist_, Number 45, asking the individual Americans to make the Constitution to secure their individual happiness. It will amaze us later herein to hear the thought of our modern “constitutional” thinkers that his Fifth Article makes the state governments (from whom that Constitution took sovereignty to secure the individual happiness of the American citizen) a supreme and omnipotent government of the American citizens, a government knowing no will but its own. Meanwhile let us forget this latter day nonsense and breathe again the real American atmosphere, where individuals, entering a society, give up a share of their liberty, to preserve the rest. Let us sit with the real “constitutional” thinkers of America as they sat in the conventions and read with them the Fifth Article worded by Madison. This is what they read: ARTICLE V