Whenever government exists, even government limited to those powers thought by its citizens necessary to secure human liberty, the weakness of human nature makes it certain that the exercise of granted powers will not always be for the common benefit of the citizens who grant them. When the government is the State and human beings are its “subjects,” that weakness is usually more apparent. As a result, in every country the rich and powerful largely secure the actual control of government. That they may entrench themselves in its control and the exercise of even its lawful powers, they lavish favors on a class actually large in number but comparatively constituting a small minority of the people of the country. For this class, it is of material advantage that government should be the State and command the people as its “subjects.” When a man is born or educated as a member of this minority, it is beyond the experience of the human race that his mental attitude should not regard the relation of “subject” to ruler as the proper relation of human being to government. In those earlier days, in whose experience we have just been educated, the human beings in America, who had that mental attitude, were distinguished from the Americans by the name “Tories.” Throughout this book it is that mental attitude which we characterize as “Tory.” It is those who display that mental attitude whom we call “Tories.” At the time of our Revolution it is a historical fact that about one third of our population was Tory in its mental attitude. Many of the Tories, quite possibly most of them, were actuated by a sincere and deep conviction that it was better for every one that human beings should be subjects. That conviction had been the basis of nearly all science of government for centuries. It is really a remarkable fact that our history should show, from their recorded statements and writings, so many men in 1787 accurately grasping the fallacy of that historical doctrine that men were made for kings or governments.