Supreme Court holds American people, “for most important purposes,” chose to be one nation, with only one government of the First Article enumerated powers to interfere with human liberty--America, the nation of men, and United States, the subordinate federation of states--Tories for new Amendment must prove that American people, as one “important” purpose, meant that governments of state citizens could interfere with every human right of American citizens--Reserved rights and powers of American citizens are entirely at their own direct disposal, for exercise or grant, “despite their legislatures, whether representing the states or the federal government”--American citizen must know this of his own knowledge or his human freedom will disappear--Emmett and Webster and their generation knew it--Madison writes Fifth Article and states exactly what it is to the “conventions” which made it--Hughes unable to begin his Tory argument for new Amendment without adding to that Madison statement what Madison pointedly did not say--Senate now about to repeat 1917 blunder that governments of state citizens have aught to do with altering the national part of the American Constitution, which part is within the exclusive control of the citizens of America themselves--“Conventions” are the people--“Legislatures” are governments--“Citizen or Subject?”--Supreme Court answer certain--Court’s history and traditions show American concept of Hamilton that this Court bulwark of American citizen against government usurpation of power to interfere with human liberty--Webster forecast Court decision on new and Tory Amendment, answering “Citizen or Subject?”--All Americans once knew same correct answer to same question by Pendleton in Virginia Convention of 1788, “Who but the people can delegate power? What have the state governments to do with it?” APPENDICES I. THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES _Page 445_ II. THE RESOLUTION WHICH PROPOSED THE CONSTITUTION TO THE CONVENTIONS OF THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA _Page 458_ III. THE FIRST SEVENTEEN AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION _Page 460_ IV. THE ALLEGED EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT _Page 465_ V. THE NINETEENTH AMENDMENT _Page 466_ CITIZEN OR SUBJECT? CHAPTER I SUBJECTS BECOME CITIZENS The average American of this generation does not understand what it means to be a citizen of America. He does not know the relation of such a citizen to all governments _in_ America. He does not know the relations of those governments to one another. If this ignorance should continue, the citizen of America would disappear. The American would become again a subject, as he was when the year 1776 opened. The supposed Eighteenth Amendment is not in the Constitution unless the American already is a subject.