For the information of those who think that governments in America _can_ validly make grants of _national_ power, like those in the First Article and the Eighteenth Amendment, we state that the quoted words are from the complaint of the American people against their British Government on July 4, 1776. For their information, we also state that, on that famous July day, all Americans ceased forever to be “subjects” of any government or governments in the world. For their information, we also state that it will require more than a combination of our American government and the state governments to subject us American citizens to a jurisdiction foreign to _our_ Constitution and unacknowledged by our laws, the jurisdiction of the state governments, none of which has aught to do with the citizens of America. It is a known legal fact, decisively settled in the Supreme Court, that the jurisdiction of the American government over the American citizen and the jurisdiction of the state government over the state citizen are as distinct and foreign to each other as if the two citizens were two human beings and the territory of the state were outside of America. We have in our political system a government of the United States and a government of each of the several states. Each one of these governments is distinct from the other and has citizens of its own who owe it allegiance and whose rights, within its jurisdiction, it must protect. The same person may be, at the same time, a citizen of the United States and a citizen of a state, but his rights of citizenship under one of these governments will be different from those he has under the other. (Justice Waite in United States v. Cruikshank, 92 _U. S._ 542.) The two governments in each state stand in their respective spheres of action, in the same independent relation to each other, except in one particular, that they would if their authority embraced distinct territory. That particular consists in the supremacy of the authority of the United States where any conflict arises between the two governments. (Justice Field in Tarble’s Case, 13 _Wall._ 397.) In our Constitution all power ever granted to interfere with the individual freedom of American citizens is vested in _our_ only legislature, the Congress. That is the opening statement of that Constitution in its First Article, which enumerates all powers _of that kind_ ever validly granted to that legislature.