Constitutional history -- United States; United States -- Politics and government; United States. Constitution. 18th Amendment
What is the missing Marshall paragraph with which we are so familiar?
Lo and behold! it is our constant companion throughout our education
in the days of the early Americans. It is the paragraph in which the
Supreme Court, by Marshall, points out why the Philadelphia Convention
of 1787 found themselves compelled to send their First Article,
with its grant of _national_ power like the grant in the Eighteenth
Amendment, to the “conventions,” named in the Seventh and the Fifth
Articles, _because_ the state governments, the clients of Hughes,
were known and recognized by everybody to be without ability to make
_national_ Articles. In other words, it is the paragraph in which
Marshall announces what we have learned so clearly ourselves, that
“to the formation of a league, such as was the Confederation [to the
making of _federal_ Articles] the state sovereignties were certainly
competent. But when ‘in order to form a more perfect Union,’ it was
deemed necessary to change this alliance into an effective government,
possessing great and sovereign powers and acting directly on the
people, the necessity of referring it to the people [the conventions of
the Fifth and the Seventh Articles] and of deriving its powers directly
from them was felt and acknowledged by all.”
We know this paragraph of Marshall’s, omitted from the Hughes brief, to
be the epitome of everything that we have heard in the “conventions”
which made the Fifth Article. We remember that even Henry, from the
very fact that the “conventions” of the American citizens _were_
assembled, knew that the _then_ proposed Articles did grant power to
interfere with human freedom. And we remember (because he knew the
inability of state governments ever to make such grants) that, on the
fact that “conventions” _were_ assembled, he based his charge that
the proposed Articles _were_ NATIONAL and not _federal_. We remember
that the Tenth Amendment declares that the entire Constitution,
including the Fifth Article, gave no power of any kind to those
state governments. And so we know, what Henry knew, that the state
governments did not _have_, and that _the Fifth Article did not give
them_, any ability to make NATIONAL Articles, like the First Article
and the Eighteenth Amendment.
For which reason, we cannot (looking at the matter purely from the
standpoint of lawyer’s attitude to his government clients) blame Hughes
for putting the stars in his quotation from Marshall.
Eager to remain free citizens, eager to have all governments recognize
that we are not “subjects,” we ourselves commend, to the writer of
that brief and to all who uphold the Eighteenth Amendment, the entire
decision of Marshall in M’Culloch v. Maryland. For instance, we commend
this clear statement of basic American law:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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