In each nation the citizens constituted a legislature to be their only attorney in fact for the purpose of making valid laws. In this legislative department they did not vest enumerated powers to interfere with individual freedom. But in it they did vest whatever ability _of that kind_, under the American doctrine of human liberty, they thought a government of free men or citizens ought to have. They did not, however, grant unlimited ability to make laws interfering with individual freedom. When constituting their government they named many matters in which no laws could be made, such as laws abridging the right of free speech, laws suspending the privilege of habeas corpus, etc. Outside these named matters, they granted law-making ability _of that kind_ to whatever extent American principles of human liberty determined a government ought to have. The extent of that ability, so to be determined, they left to the legislature to ascertain in the first instance. But to the judicial department they gave the right finally to ascertain and decide whether, in any particular law, the legislative department had exceeded its granted ability. In living again the education days of the Americans, who later created and constituted the republican nation which is America, we have come now to the close of the eventful year 1776. We find ourselves, at that time, viewing this status of the American human being and his relation to all governments. With his fellow Americans, he has declared that they are not the subjects of any government or governments in the world. With his fellow Americans, on many battlefields, he is fighting their former Government, which still claims that they are its subjects. If he is a Virginian, he and his fellow Virginians, with the consent of their fellow Americans, have constituted themselves a free and independent nation of human beings and have given to _their_ law-making attorney in fact, the legislature of Virginia, some ability to make laws in restraint of the individual freedom of Virginians, in such matter and to such extent, as the citizens of Virginia have deemed wise. In each of the other twelve nations the situation is the same. In no nation, in America, has any government servant and attorney in fact of the people any ability whatever to interfere with human freedom in any matter or to any extent, except such ability of that kind as has been given to that government by direct grant from its citizens. Nowhere, in America, has _any_ government _any_ power whatever, in _any_ matter or to _any_ extent, to make a valid command restraining the human freedom of the individual _American_ as an American. All Americans are fighting throughout America with the armies of the only government in the world which claims such ability. All Americans everywhere are determined to win that war and keep it the basic law of America that no government ever _shall_ have ability _of that kind_ unless the whole American