The nation of men, which we call America, and the subordinate federation of states, which we call the United States, are bound together in one dual system. They have a common name, “The United States of America.” They have a common Constitution, with national Articles for the men and federal Articles for the states. They have a common government, national for the men and federal for the states. This is exactly the America of which Judge Parker spoke. We want to keep it. The early Americans, who made it, will enable us to keep it, if we listen to their teaching of the simple facts which they accomplished. Such a result would be some credit to the supposed Eighteenth Amendment. Even those most opposed to it would be compelled to acknowledge that its brief imaginary existence awoke us all to our first real concept of what America, the nation of free men, really is. FRANCIS X. HENNESSY. _342 Madison Avenue, New York City. March 17th, 1923._ CONTENTS I. SUBJECTS BECOME CITIZENS _Page 1_ The American must know what a citizen is--Otherwise he will not remain a citizen--If the American citizen exists, there is no Eighteenth Amendment--Americans of 1776 knew distinction between “citizen” and “subject”--While legally “subjects,” they had governed themselves as “citizens”--Attempt to govern them as “subjects” causes Revolution--Declare American concept, no government interference with human liberty unless “citizens” grant government power--Make thirteen nations, each composed of citizens--Its “citizens,” in “conventions,” constitute each government by grant of power to interfere with human liberty--“Democracy” and “Republic” distinguished--Revolution to make American concept American law. II. THE STATE GOVERNMENTS FORM A UNION OF STATES _Page 17_ Revolution continues--Thirteen nations form league or federation of states--Members of federation act through respective attorneys-in-fact, state legislatures--Legislatures constitute federal government and grant its federal powers to govern states--Distinction between legislatures’ power to make federal Articles and citizens’ power to make national Articles under which men are governed--Citizens’ power exercised in 1776 and legislatures’ power in 1781--Revolution won, establishing American concept as American law. III. AMERICANS FIND THE NEED OF A SINGLE NATION _Page 25_ Federation of states unsatisfactory--General government, with only federal power to govern states, not able to secure what whole American people want--They learn need of general government with some enumerated national powers to govern men. IV. THE BIRTH OF THE NATION _Page 29_