Smith, Governor William H. " 600 Smith, William R. " 36 Spencer, Senator George E. " 552 Stephens, Alexander H. " 36 Stevens, Thaddeus " 336 Sumner, Charles " 336 Swayne, General Wager " 476 "The Speaker cried out, 'Order!'" " 738 Thomas, General George H. " 476 Union League Constitution, Facsimile of Page of " 566 Walker, General L. P. " 36 Warner, Senator Willard " 552 Watts, Governor Thomas H. " 130 Wilmer, Bishop R. H. " 130 Yancey, William Lowndes " 36 LIST OF MAPS PAGE 1. Population in 1860 4 2. Nativity and Distribution of Public Men 6 3. Election for President, 1860 20 4. Parties in the Secession Convention 29 5. Disaffection toward the Confederacy, 1861-1865 110 6. Industrial Development, 1861-1865 150 7. Devastation by Invading Armies 256 8. Parties in the Convention of 1865 359 9. Registration of Voters under the Reconstruction Acts 494 10. Election for President, 1868 747 11. Election of 1870 750 12. Election of 1872 755 13. Election of 1874 795 14. Election of 1876 796 15. Election of 1880 798 16. Election of 1890 799 17. Election of 1902 under New Constitution 800 PART I INTRODUCTION CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION IN ALABAMA CHAPTER I THE PERIOD OF SECTIONAL CONTROVERSY