1862 Clara Barton’s father dies; _Un Souvenir de Solferino_ is published by Jean-Henri Dunant 1864 Clara Barton becomes supervisor of nurses for the Army of the James; Treaty of Geneva is signed, thereby establishing the International Red Cross 1865 Clara Barton works at Andersonville, Georgia, to establish national cemetery 1867 U.S. purchases Alaska; first practical typewriter is developed by Christopher Sholes 1868 Andrew Johnson is acquitted in impeachment proceedings; Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton begin publication of _The Revolution_ [Illustration: _Susan B. Anthony_] [Illustration: _Elizabeth Cady Stanton_] 1869 Clara Barton begins travels in Europe that last until 1873, and meets Dr. Louis Appia of the International Committee of the Red Cross; U.S. Secretary of State Hamilton Fish rejects Treaty of Geneva; Ulysses S. Grant becomes President; first state board of health is established in Massachusetts 1870 Clara Barton works with Red Cross during Franco-Prussian War, which lasts until 1871 [Illustration: _Grand Duchess Louise of Baden_] 1872 Victoria Woodhull becomes first woman to run for U.S. President 1873 First school of nursing is established at Bellevue Hospital in New York City 1874 Clara Barton meets Julian Hubbell in Dansville, New York; Frances Willard founds Women’s Christian Temperance Union; electric streetcars begin running in New York City [Illustration: _Julian Hubbell_] 1876 Clara Barton collaborates with Susan B. Anthony on biographies of noted women; Alexander Graham Bell invents telephone 1877 Clara Barton begins correspondence with Louis Appia with goal of having U.S. ratify Treaty of Geneva; Rutherford B. Hayes becomes President [Illustration: _Rutherford B. Hayes_] 1879 Edison invents incandescent light bulb [Illustration: _Drawing from Thomas Edison’s notebook, September 1879_] 1881 Clara Barton founds American Association of the Red Cross, is elected president, establishes first local chapter of the America Red Cross at Dansville, New York, and aids victims of Michigan forest fires; James A. Garfield becomes President, is shot July 2, and is succeeded by Chester Arthur [Illustration: _James A. Garfield_] [Illustration: _Chester Arthur_] 1882 Clara Barton helps victims of Ohio and Mississippi river floods; U.S. Senate ratifies Treaty of Geneva, March 16, and ratification is proclaimed July 26 [Illustration: _Steamboats left high and dry by floodwaters_]