Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
History
Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
Science; Science -- History
Cloudy or nebulous stars have been mentioned by several astronomers;
but this name ought not to be applied to the objects which they have
pointed out as such; for, on examination, they proved to be either
mere clusters of stars, plainly to be distinguished with his large
instruments, or such nebulous appearances as might be reasonably
supposed to be occasioned by a multitude of stars at a vast distance.
The milky way itself consists entirely of stars, and by imperceptible
degrees he was led on from most evident congeries of stars to other
groups in which the lucid points were smaller, but still very plainly
to be seen; and from them to such wherein they could but barely be
suspected, till he arrived at last to spots in which no trace of a star
was to be discerned. But then the gradations to these later were by
such well-connected steps as left no room for doubt but that all these
phenomena were equally occasioned by stars, variously dispersed in the
immense expanse of the universe.
When Dr. H. pursued these researches, he was in the situation of a
natural philosopher who follows the various species of animals and
insects from the height of their perfection down to the lowest ebb of
life; when, arriving at the vegetable kingdom, he can scarcely point
out to us the precise boundary where the animal ceases and the plant
begins; and may even go so far as to suspect them not to be essentially
different. But recollecting himself, he compares, for instance, one
of the human species to a tree, and all doubt of the subject vanishes
before him. In the same manner we pass through gentle steps from a
coarse cluster of stars, such as the Pleiades, the Præserpe, the milky
way, the cluster in the Crab, the nebula in Hercules, that near the
preceding hip of Bootis, the 17th, 38th, 41st of the 7th class of his
catalogues, the 10th, 20th, 35th of the 6th class, the 33d, 48th, 213th
of the 1st, the 12th, 150th, 756th of the 2d, and the 18th, 140th,
725th of the 3d, without any hesitation, till we find ourselves brought
to an object such as the nebula in Orion, where we are still inclined
to remain in the once adopted idea, of stars exceedingly remote,
and inconceivably crowded, as being the occasion of that remarkable
appearance. It seems, therefore, to require a more dissimilar object
to set us right again. A glance like that of the naturalist, who casts
his eye from the perfect animal to the perfect vegetable, is wanting to
remove the veil from the mind of the astronomer. The object mentioned
above is the phenomenon that was wanting for this purpose. View, for
instance, the 19th cluster of the 6th class, and afterwards cast your
eye on this cloudy star, and the result will be no less decisive than
that of the naturalist alluded to. Our judgment will be, that the
nebulosity about the star is not of a starry nature.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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